Table 2.

Differentially methylated genes in the TCGA pancreatic cancer cohort. Beta values (β, methylation score) were compared between normal (n = 10) and primary tumour (n = 183) samples. Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy were excluded from this analysis. CpG sites were considered as differentially methylated whenever the |Δβ| ≥ 0.2 and the p-value < 0.05 (Mann–Whitney test). AUC, area under the ROC curve; UTR, untranslated region; TSS, Transcriptional Start Site.

Pathway	Gene	Probe	CpG Location	Mean β Normal Tissue	Mean β Tumour Tissue	|Δβ|	AUC	Methylation Higher	p-Value
PI3K/AKT	ITGA4	cg25652029	5′UTR; 1stExon	0.05121	0.263	0.21179	0.8628	Tumour	0.0004
		cg06952671	5′UTR;1stExon	0.02106	0.2828	0.26174	0.9434		<0.0001
		cg21995919	5′UTR; 1stExon	0.04834	0.2738	0.22546	0.8967		0.0003
		cg25024074	1stExon	0.07445	0.3427	0.26825	0.9046		0.0003
	SFN	cg17330303	5′UTR; 1stExon	0.8891	0.6121	0.277	0.9087	Normal Tissue	0.0002
		cg13466284	5′UTR; 1stExon	0.7461	0.5177	0.2284	0.9183		0.0001
		cg07786675	1stExon	0.8341	0.5408	0.2933	0.9208		0.0001
		cg13374701	1stExon	0.9243	0.677	0.2473	0.9197		0.0001
		cg12583970	1stExon	0.8847	0.6573	0.2274	0.9396		<0.0001
	PIK3CD	cg07805542	Gene body	0.6719	0.3175	0.3544	0.8754	Normal Tissue	0.0005
	ITGA2	cg08446038	Gene body	0.547	0.2715	0.2755	0.8298	Normal Tissue	0.0023
	PIK3R1	cg15021292	TSS1500	0.7572	0.5152	0.242	0.9063	Normal Tissue	0.0002