Figure 5.

Cytokines released by microglia stimulate glioma cell viability. A trypan blue exclusion test was performed to evaluate glioma cell viability. The number of viable cells was calculated after treatments with cytokines and microglia-condition medium (MCM), with or without the corresponding cytokine inhibitors, in the cell lines (a) CL1, (b) CL2, and (c) CL3. The values are shown as means ± SD of 3–6 experiments per group. * p < 0.05 vs. control, ** p < 0.05 vs. MCM. Inh III, inhibitor III; Bur, burixafor; Toc, tocilizumab; Rep, reparixin; and Gef, gefitinib.