Table 2.

Effects of HBOT on oxidative stress balance in different pathologies and protocols.

Study	Treatment Length	Pressure	Effect on Oxidative Stress	Disease/Condition
Zhou et al., 2018 [73]	One treatment of 60 min	2.7 ATA	ROS were significantly elevated in the mitochondria and in the cell	HUVEC culture
Dennog et al., 1996 [74]	A total of 75 min—three 20 min treatments with a 5 min break between	2.5 ATA	Oxidative DNA damage in the leukocytes	Healthy human volunteers
Topuz et al., 2010 [75]	One treatment of 90 min	2.4 ATA	Prevented elevation in lipid peroxidation observed in nontreated group and increased antioxidant activity	Spinal cord injury in mice
Oscarsson et al., 2017 [76]	20 treatments of 90 min	2 ATA	Elevated levels of DNA oxidation and of SOD2, HO-1 and Nrf2 expression	Irradiated rats
Matsunami et al., 2010 [77]	7 days of 2 h treatment	2.8 ATA	Elevated lipid peroxidation and decreased SOD activity in treated diabetic rats	Induced diabetic rats
Simsek et al., 2012 [65]	1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 8 weeks of 90 min treatments	2.8 ATA	ROS and radical scavenger enzyme levels in rat brain were not significantly altered	Healthy rats
Rothfuß et al., 1998 [78]	A total of 75 min—three 20 min treatments with a 5 min break between	2.5 ATA	Increased antioxidant activity lasting for at least 1 week	Healthy human volunteers
Körpınar and Uzun, 2019 [79]	3 treatments of 1 h (within 24 h)	2 ATA	Significant elevation of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reduced antioxidant SOD levels in the plasma	Healthy rats
	3 treatments of 1 h (within 24 h)	2.4 ATA
	15 treatments of 1 h (within 10 days)	2 ATA	No significant change in lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant SOD levels in the plasma
	15 treatments of 1 h (within 10 days)	2.4 ATA
Hu et al., 2014 [80]	1–4 days of 1 h treatments twice a day	2 ATA	Decreased levels of lipid peroxidation. GPx, SOD and Gr(glutathione reductase) levels increased after 1 treatment, and these levels increased further on days 2, 3 and 4 compared to the first day	Cerebral artery occlusion