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. 2021 Dec 20;11(12):1912. doi: 10.3390/biom11121912

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Polymeric nanoparticles loaded with mRNA for macrophage repolarization. (A) Characteristics of the polymeric nanocarriers: (a) The components of the polymeric nanoparticles (termed IRF5-NPs). (b) Transmission electron microscopy of the nanoparticles. (c) Size distribution of the nanocarriers. Reproduced with permission [56]. Copyright 2019 Nature Publishing Group. (B) IRF5-NPs prolong the survival time of mice with ovarian cancer and reprogram macrophages in vivo. (a) Treatment schedule. (b) Tumor growth after intraperitoneal administration of IRF5-NPs. (c) The survival curves of tumor-bearing mice. (d) Quantitation of transfection rates in various immune cells using flow cytometry. (e–g) The reprogramming effect of IRF5-NPs on peritoneal macrophages in tumor-bearing mice. Reproduced with permission [56]. Copyright 2019 Nature Publishing Group.