AbC	Capture antibody
Abs	Second antibody
ADAM	A disintegrin and metalloprotease
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
BTLA	B- and T- lymphocyte attenuator
CEA	Carcinoembryonic antigen
CLL	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CRC	Colorectal cancer
CT scan	Computed tomography scan
CTC	Circulating tumor cells
ctDNA	Circulating tumor DNA
CTL	Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
CTLA-4	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4
DLBCL	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
EC	Electrochemical biosensors
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunoassay
FRET	Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
GSPE-MFD	Gold screen-printed electrode-based microfluidic devices
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
HER2	Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
Hq	Hydroquinone
HRP	Horse radish peroxide
IC	Immune checkpoints
ICB	Immue checkpoint blockade
IFN-γ	Interferon gamma
IgG	Immunoglobulin G
IHC	Immunohistochemistry
IL-2	Interleukin-2
LAG-3	Lymphocyte activation gene 3
LOD	Limit-of-detection
MAGE-A	Melanoma-associated antigen-A
MICB	Multiplexed immune checkpoint biosensor
MNP	Magnetic nanoparticles
MUC1	Mucin 1
NPC	Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
NTME	Non-tumor microenvironment
PD-1	Programmed death 1
PD-L1	Programmed death-1 ligand
PSA	Prostate specific antigen
PTC	Papillary thyroid cancer
ScFv	Single-chain variable fragment
sLAG-3	Serum lymphocyte activation gene-3
sPD-1	Serum programmed death-1
sPD-L1	Serum programmed death-1 ligand
SPR	Surface plasmon resonance
sTIM-3	Serum T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3
TAA	Tumor-associated antigen
TIM-3	T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3
TME	Tumor microenvironment
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TSA	Tumor-specific antigen