Table 1.
LncRNA | Expressing Cell Population |
Cancer Type # |
Action | Effect | Molecular Targets |
Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SNHG1 | CD4+ TILs | BC | IS | Induces Treg polarization Suppresses CTL activity Induces CTL apoptosis |
miR-448 /IDO |
[38] |
EGFR | CD4+ TILs | HCC | IS | Induces Treg polarization Suppresses CTL propagation and activity |
EGFR/AP1/ NFAT1/ Foxp3 |
[39] |
INSR | BM-infiltrating CD4+ T cells | Pediatric T-ALL |
IS | Increases Treg numbers Suppresses CTL propagation and activity |
INSR/PI3K/ AKT |
[40] |
linc-
POU3F3 |
Tregs | GC | IS | Increases Treg distribution | TGF-β/ SMAD2/3 |
[41] |
Flart | Tregs | - | IS | Treg induction | FoxP3 | [42] |
Flicr | Tregs | - | IM | Impairs Treg activity | FoxP3 | [43] |
Linc-
MAF-4 |
CD4+ T cells |
- | IS | Promotes T cell differentiation towards a Th2 phenotype | MAF | [44] |
SGK1 | TILs | GC | IS | Promotes Th2 and Th17 differentiation Inhibits Th1 differentiation |
SGK1/ Jun-B |
[45] |
NKILA | CD8+ TILS Th1 TILS |
LUAD, BC |
IS | Promotes CD8+ T cell AICD | STAT1/NF-κB | [46] |
Morrbid | CD8+ | - | IM | Induces CD8+ T cell expansion and survival | Bcl2111/PI3K/AKT | [47] |
GM16343 | CD8+ T cells |
CRC | IM | Increases CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity | IL-36 | [48] |
DC | DCs | - | IM | Promotes DC differentiation and T cell stimulation |
STAT3 | [51,52] |
Dpf3 | DCs | - | IS | Restrains CCL7-mediated DC migration to dLNs |
HIF-1α | [53] |
GNAS-AS1 | Mφ | NSCLC BC |
IS | Induces M2 polarization | MIR4319/NECAB3 and GNASAS1/ miR-433-3p/GATA3 |
[56,57] |
LIFR-AS1 | Μφ | OS | IS | Promotes CC proliferation, and invasion Restrains CC apoptosis |
miR-29a/ NFIA |
[62] |
Sbf2-AS1 | Μφ | PACA | IS | Cancer progression | miR-122-5p/XIAP | [63] |
NIFK-AS1 | Μφ | UCEC | IM | Inhibits M2 Polarization | miR-146a | [64] |
COX-2 | Μφ | HCC | IM | Inhibits M2 Polarization | Not stated | [65,66] |
CCAT1 | Μφ | PRAD | IM | Inhibits M2 Polarization | miR148a/ PKCζ |
[67] |
XIST | Μφ | LUAD | IS | Induces M2 polarization | TCF-4 | [58] |
P21 | Μφ | BC | IS | Inhibits M1 polarization | MDM2/p53/NFκB/ STAT3 |
[59] |
ANCR | Μφ | GC | IS | Inhibits M1 polarization | FoxO1 | [60] |
MM2P | BMDM | OS @ OV |
IS | Induces M2 polarization | STAT6 | [61] |
CHOP | MDSCs | MM, LUAD, BC |
IS | Represses CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation | CHOP/C/EBPB | [74] |
Olfr29-ps1 | Mo-MDSCs | MM, CRC, READ | IS | Promotes MDSC differentiation and T cell inhibition | miR-214-3p/MyD88/M6A | [75] |
RNCR3 | MDSCs | MM | IS | Promotes MDSC expansion, differentiation and immunosuppressive function | miR-185-5p/Chop | [76] |
Pvt1 | G-MDSCs | LUAD | IS | Promotes MDSC-mediated immunosuppression Inhibits T cell responses |
Arg1 and ROS | [77] |
RUNXOR | MDSCs | LUAD | IS | Promotes MDSC-mediated immunosuppression | RUNX1/ Arg1 |
[78] |
HOTAIRM1 | MDSCs | LUAD | IM | Inhibits MDSC-mediated immunosuppression | HOXA1 | [69] |
MALAT1 | MDSCs | LUAD | IM | Inhibits MDSC expansion and accelerates CTL proportion | Arg1 | [73] |
GAS5 | NK | HCC | IM | Increases NK cytotoxicity | miR-544/RUNX3 | [79] |
RP11-222K-16.2 | NK | AML | IM | Increases NK cell differentiation and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity | Eomeso- dermin |
[80] |
IFNG-AS1 | NK | - | IM | Increases NK cell activity | IFN-γ | [81] |
Lnc-CD56 | NK | - | IM | CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell polarization to NK cell phenotype | CD56 | [82] |
Abbreviations used: IS, Immunosuppression; IM, Immunomodulation; AICD, Activation induced cell death; BM, Bone marrow; CC, Cancer cell; Linc, Long intragenic non coding; Mφ; DCs, Dendritic cells; dLNs, Distant lymph nodes; Μφ, Macrophages; NK, Natural Killer cells; MDSCs, Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; mo-MDSCs, Monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells; G-MDCs, Granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells; TILs, Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; Tregs, Regulatory T cells; CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes; BMDM, Bone marrow derived macrophages. # NCI-based TCGA-based abbreviations available online: https://gdc.cancer.gov/recources-tcga-users/tcga-code-tables/tcga-study-abbreviations (accessed on 13 October 2021): UCEC, Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma; MM, Malignant melanoma; OS, Osteosarcoma; HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; BC, Breast Cancer; CRC, Colorectal Cancer; AML, Acute myeloid leukemia; OV, Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma; NSCLC, Non-small cell lung cancer; PRAD, Prostate adenocarcinoma; T-ALL, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; GC, Gastric cancer; READ, Rectum adenocarcinoma; LUAD, Lung adenocarcinoma; PACA, Pancreatic cancer. @ Murine osteosarcoma.