Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Nov 27;10(12):3330. doi: 10.3390/cells10123330

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Alternative (non-canonical) autophagy. (A) Rab9-dependent mitophagy is not dependent on ATG5/ATG7 and LC3, which are required for canonical autophagy, including PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Rab9-dependent autophagy is mediated by ULK1, Rab9, Rip1, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in the heart. (B) Endosomal pathway. Mitochondria ubiquitinated by Parkin are also eliminated by the endosome pathway. A ubiquitinated mitochondrion is captured by ESCRT complexes on the Rab5 positive early endosome and, after its maturation, the endosome fuses with the lysosome for degradation. (C) Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs). Mitochondria labeled by the PINK1/Parkin pathway are also subjected to MDVs-dependent elimination.