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. 2021 Dec 23;16(12):e0261120. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261120

Table 7. QIs applied to single-subject design studies.

Dimensions Specific indicators Number of studies M
1 (unsatisfied) 2 (partially satisfied) 3 (satisfied)
Participants / setting participants characteristics (e.g., age, gender, disability, diagnosis) 0 4 28 2.88
process for selecting participants 1 5 26 2.78
information about interventionists or teachers and comparability across conditions 21 7 4 1.47
critical features of the physical setting 9 17 6 1.91
Dependent variable description of DV 0 1 31 2.97
measurement process 0 0 32 3.00
measurement validity and description 0 4 28 2.88
measurement frequency 0 3 29 2.91
data collected on reliability (e.g., IOA = 80%; Kappa = 60%) 22 0 10 1.63
Independent variable description of IV 0 8 24 2.75
IV manipulation 14 7 11 1.91
fidelity of implementation 22 1 9 1.59
Baseline DV measurement 3 11 18 2.47
description of baseline condition 12 16 4 1.75
Experimental control/Internal validity design demonstrates experimental effect 0 0 32 3.00
design controls for common threats to internal validity (e.g., elimination of rival hypotheses) 12 7 13 2.03
patterns of results 0 0 32 3.00
External validity replication of effects across participants, settings, or materials 2 11 19 2.53
Social validity social importance of DV 0 0 32 3.00
social importance of magnitude of change in DV 0 12 20 2.63
practicality and cost effectiveness of implementation of IV 22 5 5 1.47
typical nature of implementation of IV 16 15 1 1.53