Table 4. Prognostic significance of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) based on the setting, patient population, and PVC criteria.

Prognostic Outcome	Patient Population a	PVC Criteria	Follow-Up (year) b
Structural heart disease
Community/Outpatient
Decreased LVEF	No cardiac disease	Presence of any	10 [73]
HF			5–15 [56, 73, 74]
LA dysfunction		Frequent/high burden	NR [63, 65]
LV dysfunction			1.2 [60]
Decreased LVEF			5–13 [49, 70, 82]
CMP			2.5–6.3 [51, 58, 59]
HF			13.7 [68, 70]
HF	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Presence of any	10 [71, 75]
LV dysfunction		Frequent/high burden	NR [48]
CMP			1.2 [66]
Decreased LVEF			NR [55]
In-hospital
Decreased LVEF	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Presence of any	NR [93]
Lethal arrhythmia
Community/Outpatient
VT/VF/SCD	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Presence of any	2.2 [39]
VT/VF		Frequent/high burden	2.2–3.6 [44, 79, 80]
VT/VF		During exercise test	NR [36]
Life-threatening arrhythmia combined outcome			14 [77]
In-hospital
VT/VF/SCD	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Presence of any	2.9 [98]
Atrial fibrillation or stroke
Community/Outpatient
Atrial fibrillation	No cardiac disease	Presence of any	10–15 [50, 73]
Stroke			6–15 [50, 57, 69]
Atrial fibrillation and TIA	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Presence of any	10 [71]
In-hospital
Stroke-like symptoms	No cardiac disease	High burden	3.5 [99]
Coronary heart disease or other adverse cardiac outcomes
Community/Outpatient
Ablation outcome (≥80% reduction of baseline PVC burden)	No cardiac disease	Presence of any	5.6 mo [76]
Develop IHD			10–14 [37, 54]
Myocardial ischemia		During exercise testing	4.6 [46]
Hospitalization	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Presence of any	10 [71, 75]
Combined adverse events (ACS, stroke, CHF, all-cause mortality)			2.3 [61]
In-hospital
CAD severity	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Frequent	NR [91]
Cardiac event (ICD therapy, re-hospitalization)			2.3 [100]
Mortality
Community/Outpatient
All-cause mortality	No cardiac disease	Presence of any	10–13 [45, 67]
		Frequent/high burden	4.4–7 [38, 47]
		During exercise testing	15 [43]
All-cause mortality	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Presence of any	2–10 [33, 35, 40, 71, 75]
		Frequent/high burden	2.2–3.6 [79, 80]
		During exercise test	4.5–14 [53, 77, 78]
In-hospital
All-cause mortality	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Presence of any	7 mo– 2.3 [83, 90, 92, 94]
		Frequent	1–4.7 [89, 96, 97]
Cardiovascular mortality
Community/Outpatient
CV mortality	No cardiac disease	Presence of any	11.9 [52]
Sudden cardiac death			7–14 [38, 54]
Sudden cardiac death		Frequent/high burden	7 [38]
CV mortality		During exercise testing	15–23 [41, 43]
Sudden cardiac death	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Presence of any	2 [35]
Cardiac death		Frequent/high burden	3.6 [79]
CV mortality		During exercise test	6.2 [53]
In-hospital
Cardiac death	With cardiac disease/symptoms	Presence of any	3 [84]

Studies with no details on the setting, or studies that included participants with AND without cardiac disease (combined) are not included in the table. ACS = acute coronary syndrome; CAD = coronary artery disease; CV = cardiovascular; CHF = congestive heart failure; CMP = cardiomyopathy; HF = heart failure; ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator; IHD = ischemic heart disease; LA = left atrial; LV = left ventricular; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NR = not reported; PVC = premature ventricular complex; SCD = sudden cardiac death; TIA = transient ischemic attack; VF = ventricular fibrillation; VT = ventricular tachycardia.

^a Patient Population Categories: No cardiac disease includes apparently healthy individuals, without ischemic/structural heart disease, idiopathic PVCs; cardiac symptoms include syncope, lightheadedness/near-syncope, dizziness, palpitations, angina, and/or dyspnea.

^b Represents the follow-up period range using mean/median years (or months [mo] when indicated). References not reporting the follow-up timeframe [36, 44, 48, 55, 62, 63, 65, 82, 91, 93]. Details on follow-up period for all studies are available in S3 Table.