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. 2021 Nov 26;10(12):3328. doi: 10.3390/cells10123328

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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NADPH oxidase (NOX) family: NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. NOX1-4 are stabilized by p22^phox subunit. NOX1 is activated by NOXO1/NOXA1 and Rac subunits, and NOX2 by p47^phox/p67^phox/p40^phox and Rac. NOX3 has constitutive activity, but binding to NOXO1/NOXA1 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. NOX4 is constitutively activated. NOX4, NOX5, and DUOX1-2 do not interact with regulatory subunits. NOX5 and DUOX1-2 do not depend on p22^phox for stabilization and are activated by Ca²⁺. NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, and NOX5 produce superoxide (O₂^•−), and NOX4 and DUOX1-2 produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).