Table 6. Domestic and sentinel animals with evidence of MAYV infection.
Animal Type | Total Positive | Number Testeda | % Pos | Test Method | Notes | Citation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domestic Equids | 16 | 213 | 7.5 | ELISA with confirmatory plaque reduction NT | Forty-eight horses had antibodies to MAYV by ELISA. Sixteen of 48 (33%) were considered positive by plaque reduction NT90 for MAYV with titers 1:10 (n = 12), 1:20 (n = 3) and 1:40 (n = 1). | [78] |
4 | 753 | 0.5 | HI | Forty reactions overall. Four of 40 reactions were monotypic while 36 of 40 were heterotypic. | [67] | |
11 | 102 | 10.8 | HI | Not clear if the 11 reactions are monotypic or heterotypic. | [61] | |
10 | 748 | 1.5 | Plaque reduction NT | Forty-four horses had neutralizing antibody (titer ≥ 10) against MAYV, but only ten met the diagnostic criteria of 4-fold greater plaque reduction NT90 titer than the three other viruses (VEEV, EEEV, WEEV). Positive samples had titers of 1:20 (n = 6) and 1:40 (n = 4) | [90] | |
Domestic Cattle/Buffalo | 5 | 1103 | 0.5 | HI | Positive reactions were considered any reaction with a titer equal to or greater than 1:20. Fourteen reactions overall, and five of 14 reactions were monotypic. | [66] |
Domestic Dog | 2 | 7 | 28.6 | HI | N/A | [57] |
Sentinel Hamster | 1 | N/A | N/A | RT-PCR | [86] | |
Sentinel Monkeys | 2 | 13 | 15.4 | HI | N/A | [102] |
MAYV: Mayaro virus; HI: hemagglutination inhibition; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; NT: neutralization test; VEEV: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; EEEV: Eastern equine encephalitis virus; WEEV: Western equine encephalitis virus
a Denominators presented in this table reflect only studies that reported MAYV positivity. Complete data (including MAYV-negative samples) are reflected in the seroprevalence meta-analysis and the S3 Table.