Table 2.
Mean and Median Values of Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes According to Salt Intake Levels
| Factors* | ≤6 g/day (n=286) | 6–8 g/day (n=443) | >8 g/day (n=416) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 (3.8) | 24.9 (3.6) | 25.9 (3.8)a,d | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 87.6 (10.6) | 87.9 (9.7) | 90.4 (9.5)b,d | <0.001 |
| VFA (cm2) | 87.7 (40.1) | 89.9 (40.3) | 99.8 (38.7)b,d | <0.001 |
| SFA (cm2) | 175.9 (3.9) | 174.0 (60.6) | 189.0 (64.6)a,c | 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.1 (17.7) | 131.2 (17.7) | 133.8 (18.3) | 0.088 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.3 (11.5) | 78.8 (11.0) | 79.8 (10.6) | 0.405 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 8.1 (3.0) | 8.7 (2.9) | 8.9 (3.0)a,c | 0.005 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 12.6 (4.7) | 14.0 (5.6)b | 14.2 (5.0)d | <0.001 |
| FINS (mIU/L) | 11.2 (13.8) | 12.6 (42.0)a | 12.2 (38.8) | 0.048 |
| 2hINS (mIU/L) | 38.2 (54.3) | 43.0 (137.0) | 44.9 (114.6) | 0.194 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.6 (1.9) | 8.2 (2.1)b | 8.4 (2.0)d | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.4 (1.1) | 4.6 (1.2) | 4.7 (1.3)b | 0.002 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.3 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.2)a | 1.6 (1.2)b | 0.006 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.8 (0.851) | 2.9 (0.865) | 3.0 (0.910)c | 0.006 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.303) | 1.2 (0.288) | 1.1 (0.272)c | 0.050 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L) | 327.4 (89.8) | 329.9 (89.4) | 330.9 (85.6) | 0.870 |
Notes: *FINS, 2hINS and TG are presented as median values with interquartile range; the other factors are presented as mean values with standard deviation. aSignificant difference from salt intake ≤6 g/day, P<0.05. bSignificant difference from salt intake ≤6 g/day, P≤0.001. cSignificant difference from salt intake 6–8 g/day, P<0.05. dSignificant difference from salt intake 6–8 g/day, P≤0.001.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; VFA, visceral fat area; SFA, subcutaneous fat area; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose; FINS, fasting plasma insulin, 2hINS, 2-hour postprandial plasma insulin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.