Table 3. COVID-19 deaths among health care workers, clients and family members due to transmission during access to HIV services and HIV-related deaths that could be averted by these services per 10,000 clients.

	Additional COVID-19 Deaths			HIV-Related Deaths Averted
HIV Service	Contact Model	Cooper/Smith	Covasim	Goals	HIV Synthesis	Optima HIV	EMOD
VMMC	0.01–0.24	0.004	0.098	19 (10–30)	115 (-4-235)	103 (4–223)	92 (0–323)
HIV testing	0.00–0.17	0.152	0.004	22 (20–35)	22 (17–26)	22 (12–42)	14 (6–22)
Viral load testing	0.00–0.17	0.152	0.004		44 (27–61)	49 (39–275)
PMTCT	0.01–0.24	0.002	0.098	33 (0–100)			44 (0–358)

Note: Figures in parentheses represent 95% confidence bounds (95% confidence interval for mean across setting scenarios for HIV Synthesis). Ranges for the Contact Model are across 6 countries. Different models were applied to different countries as specified in methods section. The rate of mortality is the unweighted averaged across the countries for which the analysis was conducted.