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. 2021 Dec 13;17(12):e1010138. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010138

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© 2021 Rivera-Cuevas et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 9 — Our data supports a model for the interaction of TgGRA14 with the host ESCRT machinery at the PVM for the uptake of host cytosolic proteins. We hypothesize that through this interaction, vesicles packaging host cytosolic proteins are formed at the PVM and are further endocytosed by the parasites by an unknown mechanism. ESCRT components like TSG101 and ALIX could potentially be packaged within these vesicles resembling what occurs in ESCRT-dependent exosome formation. Furthermore, other transmembrane or soluble dense granule proteins are likely contributing to this pathway.