Table 1.
Summary of the main effects of Pappa2 deficiency on auxological, hormonal, metabolic and bone mineral properties.
| Constitutive Pappa2 KO | Constitutive Pappa2 KO | Constitutive Induction of Pappa2 KO | Conditional Pappa2 KO in Osteoblasts | Constitutive Human PAPP-A2 KI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main references | Conover et al. 2011 | Christians et al. 2013, 2015a, 2019; Rogowska et al. 2021; Rubio et al. 2021 | Christians et al. 2015a | Amiri and Christians, 2015 | Fujimoto et al. 2019 |
| Auxological parameters | |||||
| Body weight (BW) | Ns 1 in males Reduction in females |
Reduction | ns | Reduction | Reduction |
| Body length | Ns in males Reduction in females |
Reduction | -- | Reduction in tail | Reduction |
| Organ size | Ns in males Increase in females |
ns | -- | -- | Increase in liver |
| Body composition | -- | -- | -- | -- | Higher fat mass. Lower lean mass |
| Hormonal parameters | |||||
| Free Igf1 | Decrease | Decrease | -- | -- | Decrease |
| Total Igf1 | Increase | Increase | -- | -- | Increase |
| Igfbp5 | -- | Increase in plasma Ns in liver and kidney Increase in ovaries Ns in tibia |
ns | ns | -- |
| Igfbp3 | -- | Decrease in serum Ns in liver and kidney Increase in tibia |
Decrease | -- | Increase |
| Igfals | -- | Ns in tibia | -- | -- | Increase |
| Energy metabolism | |||||
| Glucose tolerance | -- | ns | -- | -- | Intolerant |
| Insulin sensitivity | -- | ns | -- | -- | Resistant |
| Adiposity | ns | -- | -- | -- | |
| BW loss | -- | Increase in fasting | -- | -- | -- |
| Caloric intake | -- | Increase in HCHD 2 | -- | -- | -- |
| Allometric parameters | |||||
| Femur length | ns | Reduction | -- | Reduction | Reduction |
| Femur weight | -- | Reduction | -- | -- | -- |
| Other bone dimensions | -- | Defects | -- | Defects | -- |
| Bone shape | -- | Defects (pelvic girdle and mandible) | -- | Defects (pelvic girdle and mandible) | -- |
| Bone mineral properties | |||||
| Bone mineral content | Decreases in trabecular and cortical femur | Decrease in trabecular femur Increase in cortical femur |
-- -- |
-- -- |
Decrease in trabecular femur Ns in cortical femur |
| Bone mineral composition | -- | Alterations in male femur | -- | -- | -- |
| Collagen maturity | Decrease in female femur | -- | -- | -- | |
| Bone remodeling | |||||
| Bone formation and resorption | -- | Decreases in female serum Increases in female tibia |
-- | -- | -- |
1 Ns, not significant; 2 HCHD, high carbohydrate diet.