. 2021 Dec 10;8(12):1168. doi: 10.3390/children8121168

Table 3.

Correlation between erector spinae muscle tone (sEMG) and the convex as well as concave sides of spinal curvature.

Variables			Thoracic Segment	Lumbar Segment
Variables			Risk Factor β	Risk Factor β
Standing position	Convex side of curvature	Side of spine: left	0.5	0.18 *
	Convex side of curvature	Side of spine: right	0.10 *	0.40 ***
	Concave side of curvature	Side of spine: left	0.01	0.21 **
	Concave side of curvature	Side of spine: right	0.09	0.36 ***
Prone position	Convex side of curvature	Side of spine: left	0.61 ***	0.45 ***
	Convex side of curvature	Side of spine: right	0.52 ***	0.25 **
	Concave side of curvature	Side of spine: left	0.55 ***	0.49 ***
	Concave side of curvature	Side of spine: right	0.25 **	0.66 ***
Prone position, trunk up	Convex side of curvature	Side of spine: left	0.43 ***	0.002
	Convex side of curvature	Side of spine: right	0.51 ***	0.01
	Concave side of curvature	Side of spine: left	0.22 **	0.12*
	Concave side of curvature	Side of spine: right	0.38 ***	0.25 **
Prone position, lower limbs up	Convex side of curvature	Side of spine: left	0.21 **	0.19 *
	Convex side of curvature	Side of spine: right	0.11 *	0.01
	Concave side of curvature	Side of spine: left	0.14 *	0.33 **
	Concave side of curvature	Side of spine: right	0.02	0.05
Convex side of curvature			R² = 0.80; p < 0.001	R² = 0.81; p < 0.001
Concave side of curvature			R² = 0.89; p < 0.001	R² = 0.62; p < 0.001

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.