Figure 2.

Challenges related to P. vivax understanding and eradication include: (a) A lack of diagnostic aid for hypnozoites, differentiation of P. vivax from other Plasmodium species, lack of continuous culture in vitro conditions, and a lack of information about P. vivax to document severity criteria for the species; and (b) P. falciparum includes polymorphs in particular genes resulting in antimalarial drug resistance, HRP2/3 deletion in populations across the globe (source: Malaria threat map, WHO) leading to false negatives using RDTs and early prognosis of non-severe falciparum malaria to cerebral malaria, severe anemia, and kidney impairment. The red arrow represents parasite stage transition common to both the species, the yellow arrow represents stage-specific to P. vivax, and the blue arrow represents stage-specific to P. falciparum. This figure was created using Servier medical art templates, licensed under a creative commons attribution 3.0 unreported license; https://smart.servier.com (accessed on 20 March 2021).