Table 1.
Population characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Treatment (n) | Mean Age, y (range) | Diagnosis | Injection Type and Dose | Ultrasound Guidance | Site | Registration Number of RCT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized control trials | |||||||
| Lin et al., 2008 [16] | 13 | 14.2 | CP | Botox, 2 U/kg/gland | Y | One PG and the contralateral SMG gland | NCT00173745 |
| Alrefai et al., 2009 [42] | 24 | 3.5 (1.75–7) | CP | Dysport, 100 U | N | Bil. PG | Not provided |
| Wu et al., 2011 [33] | 20 | 3–16 | CP | Botox, 30–50 U | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | Not provided |
| Nordgarden et al., 2012 [34] | 6 | 13.7 (10–18) | CP | Botox, 25 U/gland | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | Not provided |
| Bekkers et al., 2019 [40] | 26 | 11 | CP DD |
Botox 25 U/gland | Y | Bil. SMG | NTR3537 |
| Observational studies | |||||||
| Suskind et al., 2002 [29] | 22 | 8–21 | CP | Botox, 10–70 U | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | |
| Jongerius et al., 2004 [28] | 45 | 9.5 (3–16) | CP | Botox, 30–50 U | Y | Bil. SMG | |
| Savarese et al., 2004 [30] | 21 | 5–18 | CP | Botox, 15 U/gland | N | Bil. SMG | |
| Banerjee et al., 2006 [41] | 19 | 10.8 (6–16) | CP | Botox, 2 U/kg, max 70 U | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | |
| Ong et al., 2009 [43] | 21 | 8.4 (4–12) | CP | Botox, 60–80 U | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | |
| Scheffer et al., 2010 [23] | 131 | 10.9 | CP PR |
Botox, 30–50 U | Y | Bil. SMG | |
| Khan et al., 2010 [27] | 45 | 10.5 | CP Other |
Botox, max 5 U/kg | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | |
| Erasmus et al., 2011 [31] | 126 | 10 y 11 m | CP ID |
Botox, 50 U | Y | Bil. SMG | |
| Nicola et al., 2011 [32] | 9 | 9.3 (5–17) | CP OS |
Botox, 30–50 U | N | Bil. PG and SMG | |
| Tiigimäe-Saar et al., 2012 [35] | 12 | 1.6–11 | CP | Botox, 2 U/kg | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | |
| Sidebottom et al., 2013 [36] | 30 | 11 (4–17) | CP NS |
Dysport, 1 U/kg/gland | Y | Bil. SMG | |
| Chan et al., 2013 [26] | 69 | 9.5 | CP Other |
BoNT A a, 8 U/kg | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | |
| Møller et al., 2015 [37] | 14 | 9 | CP | Botox, 20–120 U | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | |
| Matthew et al., 2016 [38] | 111 | 7 | CP NS |
Botox, 100 U | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | |
| Sürmelioğlu et al., 2018 [39] | 27 | 11.5 (6–16) | CP | Botox, 60 U | N | Bil. PG and SMG | |
| Gubbay et al., 2019 [24] | 15 | 9.9 (3–14) | CP Other |
Botox, 1 unit/kg/gland, max: 100 U | Y | Bil. PG and SMG | |
a Not mentioned the product name; Bil., bilateral; BoNT A, botulinum toxin type A; CP, cerebral palsy; DD, developmental disability; ID, intellectual disability; NS, not specified; OS: Opercular Syndrome; PG, parotid gland; PR, psychomotor retardation; RCT, randomized control trial; SMG, submandibular gland.