Table 7.

DOE studies investigating other cell differentiation.

Cells	Purpose	Experimental Design	Number of Factors	Factors	Year	Ref.
Mouse pluripotent embryonic carcinoma	Neuronal cell differentiation	Full factorial 23	3	2D- or 3D-culture, IKVAV 1, ECM stiffness	2012	[117]
Human chondrocytes	Cartilage differentiation	212−4 Resolution VI	12	BMP2, Insulin, IGF1, Testosterone, Parathyroid hormone, IL-1RA, Growth hormone, 17β-estradiol, Triiodothyronine, 1α-25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, FGF2, DEX	2007	[111]
Human chondrocytes	Articular chondrocyte differentiation	25−1 Resolution V	5	TGFβ1, ASC, ITS, DEX, Linoleic acid	2012	[112]
		Full factorial 23	3	TGFβ1, DEX, Glucose
		Full factorial 22	2	DEX, Glucose
Human bone progenitor cells	Skeletal tissue development	25−1 Resolution V	5	Medium volume, Seeding density, Human periosteum-derived cell or osteosarcoma cell, Seeding timing, Foamed titanium or 3D fiber-deposited titanium	2011	[113]
Human adipose-derived stromal cells	Osteoblast differentiation	12 × 12 Hadamard matrix 2	8	Two human adipose-derived stromal cells suppliers, Seeding density, DMEM/F12 or DMEM, Human platelet lysate or Fetal bovine serum, L-ascorbate-2-phosphate, β-glycerophosphate, DEX, BMP9	2019	[114]
Human hepatoma cell	Hepatocyte differentiation	27−4 Resolution III	7	Human serum albumin, HGF, Oncostatin M, DEX, FGF4, EGF, Nicotinamide	2008	[116]
		RSM	3	Oncostatin M, HGF, FGF4
Murine embryonic fibroblast cell	Osteoblast differentiation	RSM	2	Matrix stiffness, Collagen I	2010	[115]

Abbreviations: BMP2, bone morphogenetic protein 2; IGF1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IL-1RA, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2; DEX, dexamethasone; BMP9, bone morphogenetic protein 9; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; FGF4, fibroblast growth factor 4; EGF, epidermal growth factor. ¹ IKVAV is a peptide containing the indicated amino acid residues.² Hadamard matrix is a fixed level orthogonal array.