Table 4.
Prevalence of aerobic bacteria.
| Non-Smokers (n = 32) |
Smokers (n = 32) |
p | φ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Streptococcus oralis | 18 | (56.3) | 13 | (40.6) | 0.317 | 0.16 |
| Streptococcus mitis | 9 | (28.1) | 14 | (43.8) | >0.999 | 0.07 |
| Streptococcus salivarius | 3 | (9.4) | 8 | (25.0) | 0.184 | 0.21 |
| Streptococcus sanguinis | 13 | (40.6) | 6 | (18.8) | 0.049 | 0.24 |
| Rothia mucilaginosa | 3 | (9.4) | 6 | (18.8) | 0.474 | 0.14 |
| Streptococcus intermedius | 3 | (9.4) | 6 | (18.8) | 0.474 | 0.14 |
| Streptococcus parasanguinis | 5 | (15.6) | 5 | (15.6) | >0.999 | 0.00 |
| Streptococcus gordonii | 2 | (6.3) | 5 | (15.6) | 0.426 | 0.15 |
| Rothia dentocariosa | 3 | (9.4) | 4 | (12.5) | >0.999 | 0.05 |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | 3 | (9.4) | 4 | (12.5) | >0.999 | 0.16 |
| Neisseria flavens | 2 | (6.3) | 3 | (9.4) | >0.999 | 0.06 |
| Staphylococcus hominis | 3 | (9.4) | 0.238 | 0.22 | ||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 6 | (18.8) | 2 | (6.3) | 0.257 | 0.19 |
| Haemophilus parainfluenze | 5 | (15.6) | 2 | (6.3) | 0.426 | 0.15 |
| Neisseria mucosa | 1 | (3.1) | 2 | (6.3) | ||
| Neisseria bacilliformis | 2 | (6.3) | ||||
| Streptococcus anginosus | 2 | (6.3) | ||||
| Rothia aeria | 1 | (3.1) | 1 | (3.1) | ||
| Streptococcus cristatus | 1 | (3.1) | 1 | (3.1) | ||
| Aggregatibacter aphrophilus | 1 | (3.1) | ||||
| Streptococcus vestibularis | 1 | (3.1) | ||||
| Staphylococcus capitis | 2 | (6.3) | ||||
| Campylobacter showae | 1 | (3.1) | ||||
| Enterococcus faecalis | 1 | (3.1) | ||||
| Neisseria elongata | 1 | (3.1) | ||||
| Neisseria macacae | 1 | (3.1) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 1 | (3.1) | ||||
| Staphylococcus lugdunensis | 1 | (3.1) | ||||
| Streptococcus cristatus | 1 | (3.1) | ||||
| Streptococcus mutans | 1 | (3.1) | ||||
| No bacteria | 4 | (12.5) | 6 | (18.8) | ||
Data are presented as number (percentage) of participants if not stated otherwise. Bacteria are sorted by the prevalence in smokers. Significant difference between groups in bold font. Abbreviations: p = statistical significance of the prevalence in non-smokers and smokers calculated using the Fisher exact test only for bacteria with the frequency of ≥3; φ = phi coefficient of association.