Table 1.

Unimodal benchmark functions.

Function	Dim	Range	fmin
$F_1(x)={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^n{x}_i^2}$	30	[−100,100]	0
$F_2(x)={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^n\left|x_i\right|}+{\displaystyle {\prod }_{i=1}^n\left|x_i\right|}$	30	[−10,10]	0
$F_3(x)={{\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^n({\displaystyle {\sum }_{j-1}^i{x}_j})}}^2$	30	[−100,100]	0
$F_4(x)={\max }_i\{\left|x_i\right|,1\le i\le n\}$	30	[−100,100]	0
$F_5(x)={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^{n-1}[100{(x_{i+1}-x_i^2)}^2+{(x_i-1)}^2]}$	30	[−30,30]	0
$F_6(x)={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^n{(x_i+5)}^2}$	30	[−100,100]	0
$F_7(x)={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^{n}i{x}_i^4+random[0,1)}$	30	[−1.28,1.28]	0