Table 4.

Parameter settings for the comparative algorithms.

Algorithm	Parameters
SMA [35]	z = 0.03
ROA [36]	c = 0.1
AOA [32]	α = 5; μ = 0.5;
AO [33]	U = 0.00565; c = 10; ω = 0.005; α = 0.1; δ = 0.1;
SSA [30]	c1 = [1,0]; c2∈[0,1]; c3∈[0,1]
WOA [29]	a1 = [2,0]; a2 = [−1,−2]; b = 1
SCA [31]	a = [2,0]