Figure 1.

(a–c): Novel object recognition test. (a) A schematic diagram representing the stages of the NORT; (b) bar graph showing familiar and novel object exploration times spent by rats in all groups; (c) bar graph showing the DI between familiar and novel objects. Data are presented as the means ± SD. One-way ANOVA was used, and Fisher’s LSD t-test was applied when equal variance could be assumed. * Significantly different from the control, EA, and ADEA groups at p ≤ 0.05. # Significantly different from the AD group at p ≤ 0.05.