Table 4.

Relation between DEG NPC, involved in groups I and II of GO BP with TNF based on data, found in literature.

Gene	Protein	Protein Function	Direction of Interaction with TNF (Gene or Protein)	Expected Direction of Expression Change in NPC, Derived Twins with PD as Compared to NPC Derived Healthy Twins Based on Overexpression of TNF in Litrearure Data	Observed Direction of Expression Change in NPC, Derived from Twins with PD as Compared to Healthy Twins	Relation with PD
DLL4	DLL4	Transcription factor regulating the evolutionarily conserved Notch pathway, which plays a significant role in cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis [67].	TNF inhibits DLL4 [68,69]	↓	↑	Not shown previously
FGF19	FGF19	FXR receptor ligand playing a role in processes such as protein synthesis and carbohydrate/lipid metabolism [70].	TNF inhibits FGF19 [71]	↓	↑	Not shown previously
INHBA	Activin-A	Member of the family of TGF-beta factors playing a role in inflammation, fibrosis, and immunoregulation [72].	TNF induces INHBA [73,74,75,76,77,78,79]	↑	↑	In vivo [80]
WNT7A	Wnt7a	Activates the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways. The Wnt pathway and this protein in particular are involved in multiple biological processes, including differentiation, proliferation, wound healing, and inflammation suppression [81,82].	TNF induces WNT7A [83,84]	↑	↑	Through canonical Wnt signaling [85]
DKK1	DKK1	Antagonist of the canonical Wnt pathway [86].	TNF inhibits [87,88] or induces [89,90,91,92,93] DKK1 based on tissue	↑↓	↑	In vivo [94]