Table 2.
Radiation-induced senescence in different cell types.
| Cell Types | Models | Radiation Type & Dose/Dose-Rate | Radiation-Induced Changes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microglia | Murine microglial cells BV2 and neuronal cells HT22 | 3 Gy/min (Clinac iX) (X-ray) 2 Gy/min (X-ray irradiator) |
SA-β-Gal, p16INK4a, MMP3↑ | [47] |
| Primary microglia from adult male C57BI6/J mice | Single dose of 10/20 Gy at a dose rate of 3 Gy/min (Clinac iX) (X-ray) |
SA-β-Gal, p16INK4a↑ | [47] | |
| Astrocytes | Non-cancerous tissue from cancer patients having received cranial radiation | IR (X-Rad 320 biologic irradiator) (X-ray) | p16INK4a, Hp1γ↑ | [48] |
| Primary human astrocytes | 0.5–20 Gy (X-ray) | SA-β-Gal, p16INK4a, p21, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8↑IGF-1, GFAP↓ DNA damage |
[48] | |
| Brain endothelial cells | ATCC-derived murine brain endothelial cells, bEnd.3 | X-ray (20 Gy) | SA-β-Gal, p21, p16INK4a, ICAM-1, PAI-1↑ | [49] |
| Neurons | Male rats aged 8, 18 or 28 months | Whole-brain radiation with a single dose of 10 Gy (X-ray) | Greater inflammatory response; decrease in newborn neurons | [50] |