Figure 1.

Regulation of plant growth by ABA and Ethylene antagonism. ABA and ethylene function in a mutually antagonistic way to regulate various aspects of plant growth. A prerequisite for shoot elongation in rice is ABA catabolism, which requires ethylene action. High concentrations of glucose are known to result in the growth arrest of Arabidopsis seedlings. This arrest depends on ABA synthesis and signaling and is antagonized by ethylene. Ethylene accumulation is thought to inhibit vegetative growth. One key role of basal ABA is to inhibit ethylene biosynthesis in growing plants. Ethylene signaling promotes hyponastic responses in Arabidopsis, which are antagonized by ABA. Figure created with BioRender (https://biorender.com/, accessed on 27 November 2021).