Table 2.
Odds ratios of culture-positive ulcers according to the clinicodemographic characteristics of the study patients; the results of univariate logistic regression analysis.
| Variable | Ulcer Culture | OR | (−) 95% CI | (+) 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | |||||
| Age > 65 years | 364 (87.7%) | 272 (80.2%) | 1.76 | 1.18 | 2.61 | 0.005 |
| Female sex | 419 (86.4%) | 217 (80.7%) | 1.52 | 1.02 | 2.27 | 0.039 |
| Underlying disease > 20 years | 330 (84.2%) | 306 (84.5%) | 0.97 | 0.66 | 1.44 | 0.896 |
| Current ulcer > 12 months | 270 (91.2%) | 366 (79.9%) | 2.61 | 1.64 | 4.15 | <0.001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 105 (89.0%) | 531 (83.5%) | 1.60 | 0.87 | 2.95 | 0.134 |
| Arthritis | 193 (82.8%) | 443 (85.0%) | 0.85 | 0.56 | 1.29 | 0.443 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 135 (84.4%) | 501 (84.3%) | 1.00 | 0.62 | 1.62 | 0.992 |
| Atherosclerosis | 72 (75.0%) | 564 (85.7%) | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.83 | 0.008 |
| Allergy | 11 (73.3%) | 625 (84.6%) | 0.59 | 0.20 | 1.73 | 0.336 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 152 (82.6%) | 484 (84.9%) | 0.84 | 0.54 | 1.32 | 0.455 |
| Kidney disease | 6 (66.7%) | 630 (84.6%) | 0.37 | 0.09 | 1.48 | 0.158 |
| Liver disease | 4 (100.0%) | 632 (84.3%) | not applicable | |||
| Comorbidities | 546 (84.4%) | 90 (84.1%) | 1.02 | 0.58 | 1.79 | 0.942 |
| Multiple comorbidities | 127 (78.9%) | 509 (85.8%) | 0.62 | 0.40 | 0.96 | 0.032 |
| Overweight/obesity | 538 (85.0%) | 98 (81.0%) | 1.33 | 0.80 | 2.20 | 0.268 |
| Obesity | 293 (82.8%) | 343 (85.7%) | 0.80 | 0.54 | 1.18 | 0.261 |
| Medial ulceration | 382 (83.4%) | 246 (86.0%) | 0.82 | 0.54 | 1.24 | 0.341 |
| Posterior ulceration | 105 (87.5%) | 523 (83.8%) | 1.35 | 0.76 | 2.42 | 0.31 |
| Anterior ulceration | 112 (87.5%) | 516 (83.8%) | 1.36 | 0.77 | 2.39 | 0.291 |
| Lateral ulceration | 188 (87.0%) | 440 (83.3%) | 1.34 | 0.85 | 2.12 | 0.207 |
| Circumferential ulceration | 22 (91.7%) | 606 (84.2%) | 2.07 | 0.48 | 8.92 | 0.329 |
| Deep ulceration | 564 (85.6%) | 64 (75.3%) | 1.95 | 1.14 | 3.34 | 0.015 |
| Multiple ulcers | 309 (86.8%) | 325 (82.1%) | 1.44 | 0.96 | 2.14 | 0.076 |
| Purulence/abscess | 40 (100.0%) | 596 (83.5%) | not applicable | |||
| Unpleasant odor | 103 (100.0%) | 533 (81.9%) | not applicable | |||
| Redness | 404 (85.6%) | 230 (82.1%) | 1.29 | 0.87 | 1.93 | 0.209 |
| Swelling | 115 (92.7%) | 521 (82.7%) | 2.67 | 1.32 | 5.43 | 0.007 |
| Warmth | 313 (84.8%) | 321 (83.8%) | 1.08 | 0.73 | 1.60 | 0.703 |
| Pain | 545 (84.5%) | 90 (83.3%) | 1.10 | 0.64 | 1.90 | 0.722 |
| Ulceration area > 8.25 cm2 | 331 (88.7%) | 305 (80.0%) | 1.96 | 1.31 | 2.95 | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: OR—odds ratio; 95% CI—95% confidence interval.