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. 2021 Dec 14;10(12):3104. doi: 10.3390/foods10123104

Table 1.

Liquid chromatography-tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS/MS) identification of the main metabolites present in water extracts of sea lavender (L. algarvense) organs (flowers, peduncles and leaves) irrigated with freshwater (FWt) and two dilutions of aquaculture wastewater, corresponding to 300 and 600 mM NaCl. For distinguishing amongst very low, low, medium, and high abundance, the symbols +, ++, +++, and ++++ were used, respectively.

Id Rt
(min)
Proposed Structure [M-H]
[m/z (∆ ppm)]
MS/MS
[(m/z) (∆ ppm) (Attribution) (%)]
Proposed Compound Flowers Peduncles Leaves
FWt 300 mM FWt 300 mM FWt 300 mM 600 mM
1 2.9 - 272.9591 158.9782 n.i. - - - - ++ +++ ++++
2 3.1 C12H22O11 341.1094 (−1.3) 179.0558 (+1.8) [C6H11O6] (100)
119.0333 (+14.2) [C4H7O] (70)
Sucrose or isomers - - - - ++ +++ ++++
3 3.3 C6H7O6SO3 254.9820 (−1.4) 175.0245 (+1.8) [C6H7O6] (100)
115.0022 (+12) [C4H3O4] (80)
Ascorbic acid sulphate - - - - ++++ +++ +++
4 3.4 C6H6O7 189.0032 (+4.3) 189.0034 (4.5) [C6H5O7] (100)
127.0046 (−7.2) [C5H3O4] (50)
Oxalosuccinic acid ++++ +++ ++++ +++ + ++ ++
5 3.6 C11H17NO8 290.0885 (−1.3) 170.0445 (8.5) [C7H8NO4] (10)
128.0361 (−6.4) [C5H6NO3] (100)
2-Deoxy-2,3-dehydro
N-acetylneuraminic acid
- ++++ - - - - -
6 3.7 C6H8O7 191.0187 (+5.4) 111.0088 (−9.9) [C5H3O4] (100) Citric acid ++ ++ - - +++ +++ +++
7 3.8 C13H10O8 293.0339 (−2.2) 169.0133 (−5.6) [C7H5O5] (100)
137.0220 (−12.6) [C7H5O3] (7−0)
125.0261 (−10.2) [C6H5O3] (40)
Pyrogallol gallate + + - - - - -
8 3.9 C13H16O8SO3 379.0348 (−2.1) 299.0765 (+2.4) [C13H15O8] (10)
241.0023 (+0.4) [C6H9O8S] (100)
Salicylic acid glucosyl sulphate - - - - - ++ +
9 3.9 C7H6O5 169.0135(−5.0) 125.0241 (−6.4) [C6H5O3] (100) Gallic acid ++ ++ - - - - -
10 4.0 C13H16O10SO3 411.0235 (+0.9) 331.0671 (−5.4) [C13H15O10] (10)
241.0023 (+0.5) [C6H9O8S] (100)
169.0134 (−4.9) [C7H5O5] (20)
Glucogallin sulphate ++ ++ ++++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++
11 4.8 C14H18O10SO3 425.0398 (−0.6) 345.0828 (−0.3) [C14H17O10] (7)
241.0023 (+0.5) [C6H9O8S] (100)
183.0299(+0.1) [C8H7O5] (50)
Glucosyl methyl gallate sulphate - - - - - + ++
12 5.0 C15H20O10(SO3)2 519.01914 (−0.6) 439.0552 (−0.3) [C15H19O13S] (30)
241.0025 (−0.4) [C6H9O8S] (100)
Glucosyringic acid disulphate ++ + - - ++++ ++++ +++
13 5.0 C15H20O10SO3 439.0554 (−0.4) 359.1010 (−8.1) [C15H19O10] (10)
241.0023 (−0.5) [C6H9O8S] (100)
197.0447 (−4.3) [C9H9O5] (10)
Glucosyringic acid sulphate ++ ++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++
14 5.4 C15H18O8(SO3)2 485.0062 (−0.6) 405.0498 (+0.2) [C15H17O15S] (90)
325.0928 (+0.2) [C15H17O8] (10)
Glucosyl coumaric acid disulphate - - - - ++ ++ +++
15 5.4 C15H20O10SO3 439.0558 (−0.6) 359.1010 (−8.1) [C15H19O10] (20)
241.0026 (−0.8) [C6H9O8S] (100)
Glucosyringic acid sulphate isomer +++ +++ - - - - -
16 5.8 C13H16O16SO3 379.0348 (−2.1) 299.0768 (+1.4) [C13H15O8] (15)
241.0023 (−0.5) [C6H9O8S] (100)
Salicylic acid glucoside - - - - + - +
17 5.9 C18H24O13 447.1144 (−1.0) 429.1041 (−0.6) [C18H21O12] (60)
339.0722 (−0.1) [C15H15O9] (30)
301.0568 (−1.1) [C12H13O9] (20)
Aralidioside ++ ++ - - - - -
18 5.9 C15H18O8SO3 405.0496 (+0.1) 325.0926 (+0.8) [C15H17O8] (10)
241.0025 (−0.4) [C6H9O8S] (100)
163.0396 (+2.2) [C9H7O3] (10)
Glucosyl coumaric acid sulphate ++ +++ - - +++ ++++ ++++
19 6.2 C15H18O9SO3 421.0451 (−1.1) 341.0660 (−1.3) [C15H17O9] (7)
241.0018 (+0.5) [C6H9O8S] (100)
179.0344 (+3.4) [C9H7O4] (40)
Glucosyl-caffeic acid sulphate + + - - - - -
20 6.4 C20H20O14 483.0779 (+0.3) 313.0671 (−0.1) [C13H15O10] (20)
313.0564 (+0.3) [C13H13O9] (60)
271.0461 (−0.5) [C11H11O8] (100)169.0129 (+8.1) [C7H5O5] (40)
Digalloyl glucose + ++ ++ ++ - - -
21 6.5 C37H30O18 761.1356 (0.4) 609.1249 (+0.1) [C30H25O14] (20)
423.0721 (+0.0) [C22H15O9] (100)
305.0667 (+0.0) [C15H13O7] (70)169.0135 (−3.5) [C7H5O5] (7)
Theasinensin B - +++ - - - - -
22 6.5 C15H18O8SO3 405.0496 (−1.6) 241.0025 (−0.4) [C6H9O8S] (100)
163.0395 (+3.6) [C9H7O3] (30)
Glucosyl coumaric acid sulphate isomer ++ - ++ +++ - - -
23 6.8 C15H18O8(SO3)2 485.0061 (+0.7) 405.0497 (+0.1) [C15H17O11S] (40)
325.0928 (+0.2) [C15H17O8] (5)
241.0024 (−0.1) [C6H9O8S] (100)
Glucosyl coumaric acid disulphate isomer +++ ++++ - - +++ +++ ++++
24 6.8 C15H18O8SO3 405.0498 (−0.3) 325.0930 (−0.5) (C15H17O8) (10)
241.0023 (−1.8) [C6H9O8S] (100)
163.0397 (2.5) [C9H7O3] (10)
Glucosyl coumaric acid sulphate isomer +++ ++ +++ +++ - ++++ ++++
25 7.0 C37H28O18 759.1207 (−0.6) 423.0724 (−0.6) [C22H15O9] (100)
301.0354 (−0.2) [C15H9O7] (80)
ProdelphinidinA2 3′-gallate ++++ +++ - - - - -
26 7.0 C20H22O12 453.1040 (−0.3) 313.0567 (+0.7) [C13H13O9] (100)
169.0131 (+6.5) [C7H5O5] (40)
Galloyl glucose derivative - - +++ +++ - - -
27 7.4 C11H14O4SO3 289.0393 (−1.8) 209.0826 (−3.1) [C11H13O4] (60)
149.0599 (5.9) [C9H9O2] (100)
Sinapyl alcohol sulphate ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++
28 7.5 C15H16O10SO3 435.0240 (−0.2) 355.0671 (−0.1) [C15H15O10] (20)
197.0444 (+6.0) [C9H9O5] (100)
Caffeic acid-3-glucuronide sulphate ++ ++ - - ++++ +++ ++++
29 7.7 C17H30O10 393.1770 (−0.9) 271.0610 (+0.8) [C15H11O5] (20)
205.0709 (+4.3) [C8H13O6] (100)
119.0337 (+7.8) [C4H7O4] (80)
Cis-3-hexenyl-b-primeveroside ++++ ++++ - - - - -
30 7.8 C28H24O17 631.0944 (−0.6) 479.0830 (+0.2) [C21H19O13] (90)
316.019 (−1.8) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100)
Myricetin-3-O-galloyl-hexoside +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ ++++
31 8.0 C18H24O12 431.1192 (−0.2) 285.0625 (−3.1) [C12H13O8] (10)
225.0409 (−1.8) [C10H9O8] (100)
Licoagroside B + +++ - - - - -
32 8.0 C27H30O17 625.1418 (−1.2) 316.0233 (−2.8) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100) Myricetin-3-O-rutinoside - - ++ ++ ++ +++ +++
33 8.2 C21H20O13 479.0835 (+0.1) 316.023 (−0.9) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100)
271.0253 (−1.9) (C14H7O6) (20)
Myricetin-3-O-glucoside +++ +++ - - ++ +++ ++++
34 8.5 C22H22O12 477.1036 (+0.4) 433.1145 (−1.1) (C21H21O10) (20)
313.0567 (−0.7) (C13H13O9) (100)
169.0141 (+1.0) [C7H5O5] (40)
Galloylhexoside derivative ++ ++ ++ +++ - - -
35 8.6 C28H24O16 615.0985 (+0.1) 463.0882 (+0.1) [C21H19O12] (100)
301.0345 (+3.0) [Y0] [C15H9O7] (80)
300.0279 (−1.0) [Y0−H] [C15H8O7] (90)
Quercetin-3-O-galloyl-hexoside - - - + + + +
36 8.7 C18H20O10 371.0981 (+0.6) 249.0615 (+0.2) [C9H13O8] (100) Hydroxyferuloylglucose - - - - - +++ +++
37 8.7 C27H30O16 609.1456 (+0.8) 463.0882 (−0.1) [C22H19O12] (400)
300.0275 (−0.8) [Y0−H] [C15H8O7] (100)
Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside - - - - ++ ++ +++
38 8.8 C19H26O12 445.1350 (+0.2) 285.0623 (−2.6) [C12H13O8] (7)
225.0429 (−1.9) [C10H9O8] (100)
Methyl licoagroside B +++ +++ - - - - -
39 8.8 C14H14O9 SO3 405.0145 (−1.2) 325.0564 (0.3) [C14H13O9] (20)
209.0454 (+0.5) [C10H9O5] (50)
167.0344 (+3.2) [C8H7O4] (100)
Galloylshikimic acid sulphate - ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++
40 9.0 C21H20O12 463.0872 (+2.2) 316.020 (−1.8) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100)
217.0250 (−0.8) [C14H7O6] (20)
Myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside - ++++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++++
41 9.0 C15H16O10SO3 435.0251 (−2.9) 355.0677 (−1.7) [C15H15O10] (10)
197.0455 (+5.5) [C9H9O5] (100)
Caffeic acid glucuronic sulphate ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++
42 9.3 C21H20O13 479.0835 (+0.1) 316.023 (−0.9) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100) Myricetin-3-O-glucoside + + - - - - -
43 9.3 C20H24O8SO3 471.0967 (−0.5) 275.0228 +(0.9) [C10H11O4SO3] (100)
195.0651 (+6.1) [C10H11O4] (50)
Acetosyringone sulphate - - - - ++ ++ ++
44 9.3 C28H24O15 599.1036 (+0.7) 316.022 (−0.8) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100) Myricetin-3-O-pentoside-gallate - - - - - - +
45 9.3 C30H28O17 659.1244 (+1.5) 316.019 (−1.7) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100)
479.0811 (+4.2) [C21H19O13] (20)
Myricetin-3-O-(3-caffeic acid-glucoside) - - - - + ++ +++
46 9.4 C23H22O14 521.0931 (−1.1) 316.023 (−0.9) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100) Myricetin 3-O-(6-acetylgalactoside) - - + ++ +++
47 9.4 C29H26O16 629.1143 (+0.9) 316.023 (−0.9) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100) 2’-C-methyl-myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside-gallate - - - - - + ++
48 9.4 C22H26O8SO3 599.1042 (+0.8) 447.0932 (+0.2) [C21H19O11] (30)
313.0563 (+0.5) [C13H13O9] (100)
169.0141 (+1.0) [C7H5O5] (40)
Di-galloyl-hexose malic acid - - + + - - -
49 9.4 C28H24O15 599.1045 (−0.4) 447.0943 (−0.8) [C21H19O11] (50)
285.0404 (0.1) [Y0−H] [C15H9O6] (100)
Kaempferol-galloyl-hexoside - ++ - - - - -
50 9.5 C9H10O5 197.0445 (+5.5) 124.0166 (−0.4) [C6H4O3] (100) Syringic acid +++ - - - - - -
51 9.5 C28H24O15 599.1037 (+0.9) 447.0931 (+0.3) [C21H19O11] (30)
316.022 (−0.8) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100)
Myricetin-3-O-pentoside-gallate isomer - - - - ++ ++ ++
52 9.6 C29H26O16 629.1143 (+0.9) 316.023 (−0.9) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100) 2′-C-methyl-myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside-gallate isomer - - - - + ++ -
53 9.8 C13H14N2O3 203.0818 (+4.0) 142.0648 (+9.2) [C10H8N] (40) Tryptophan - - ++++ ++ - - -
54 9.8 C13H14N2O3 245.0932 (+0.8) 203.0818 (+4.0) [C11H11N2O2] (100)
142.0648 (+9.2) [C10H8N] (40)
N-acetyl-tryptophan ++++ + - - ++++ +++ +++
55 9.8 C14H14N2O5 289.0830 (−0.1) 203.0818 (+4.0) [C11H11N2O2] (100) N-manoyl-tryptophan +++ +++ +++ - +++ ++ ++
56 9.8 C24H22O5 549.0891 (−1.0) 316.025 (−2.2) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100)
217.0250 (−0.8) [C14H7O6] (20)
Myricetin-3-O-acetyl--malonyl-deoxyhexose - - - + - - -
57 10.0 C27H36O12 551.2134 (+0.0) 357.1346 (−0.7) [C20H12O6] (100) Pinoresinol derivative - - + - - - -
58 10.1 C21H22O10 433.1136 (+1.0) 271.0610 (−0.1) [Y0] [C15H11O5] (100) Naringenin-7-O-glucoside ++ ++ - - - - -
59 10.1 C21H18O11 445.0775 (+0.3) 269.0456 (−0.1) [Y0] [C15H9O5] (100) Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide ++++ +++ - - - - -
60 10.2 C23H22O13 505.0995 (−1.2) 316.0230 (−0.9)[Y0−H] [C15H8O8], (100)
217.0253 (−1.9) [C14H7O6] (15)
Myricetin-3-O-acetyl-deoxyhexose - - - - +++ +++ ++++
61 10.5 C28H26O14 585.1247 (+0.4) 439.0880 (+0.5) [C19H19O13] (100)
271.0608 (+1.2) [Y0] [C15H11O5] (10)
Prunin-6′’-O-gallate +++ +++ - -
62 10.5 C18H18O7SO3 425.0545 (+0.3) 345.0980 (+0.0) [C18H17O7] (40)
315.0872 (+0.5) [C17H15O6] (60)
300.0638 (+0.6) [C16H12O6] (100)
3′,4′,5′-Trimethoxyflavanone sulphate - - - +++ +++ +++
63 10.6 C22H26O8SO3 497.1125 (−0.3) 417.1556 (−0.3) [C22H25O8] (100)
181.0493 (+7.4) [C9H9O4] (90)
Syringaresinol sulphate ++ +++ ++ ++ +++ +++ ++++
64 10.7 C17H24O7SO3 467.1019 (+1.1) 387.1448 (+0.4) [C17H23O7] (100)
372.1212 (+0.5) [C16H20O7] (90)
357.0978 (+0.4) [C19H17O7] (40)
181.0494 (+7.0) [C9H9O4] (50)
151.0309 (+6.8) [C8H7O3] (40)
Medioresinol sulphate - - - - ++ +++ +++
65 10.7 C23H22O12 489.1042 (−0.8) 300.0280 (−1.6) [Y0−H] [C15H8O7] (100)
271.0153 (−1.9) [C14H7O6] (30)
Quercetin-3-O-acetyl-rhamnoside + ++ - - - - -
66 11.0 C29H26O14 597.1245 (−0.5) 413.0887 (−2.2) [C21H17O9] (10)
301.03607 (−1.9) [C15H9O7] (20)
269.0456 (−0.3) [Y0] [C15H9O5] (100)
Apigenin derivative + ++ - - - - -
67 11.2 C15H12O6 287.0563 (+0.6) 151.0031 (+3.9) [1,3A] [C7H3O4] (20)
135.0435 (−0.8) [1,3B] [C8H7O2] (100)
2-Hydroxynaringenin ++ ++ - - - - -
68 11.3 C18H18O7SO3 425.0553 (+0.9) - 3′,4′,5′-Trimethoxyflavanone sulphate isomer - - - - ++ ++ ++
69 11.5 C22H26O8SO3 497.1135 (−2.3) 417.1164 (−2.1) [C22H25O8] (50)
402.1326 (−1.5) [C21H22O8] (90)
387.1093 (−2.0) [C20H19O8] (60)
181.0500 (+3.4) [C9H9O4] (100)
Syringaresinol sulphate isomer - - - - + ++ ++
70 11.5 C20H22O6SO3 437.0904 (+1.0) 357.1339 (+1.4) [C20H12O6] (100)
342.1104 (+1.3) [C19H18O6] (85)
151.0391 (+6.3) [C8H7O3] (70)
Pinoresinol sulphate ++++ +++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++
71 12.1 C20H22O6SO3 437.0916 (+1.8) 357.1339 (+1.4) [C20H12O6] (100) Pinoresinol sulphate isomer ++ + - - +++ +++ +++
72 12.2 C15H20O6 285.0403 (+0.6) 199.0392 (+4.2) [C12H7O3] (50)
175.0390 (+6.1) [C10H7O3] (60)
151.0029 (+4.9) [1,3A] [C7H3O4] (40)
133.0279 (−8.3) [1,3B] [C8H5O2] (100)
Luteolin ++ ++ - - - - -
73 12.2 C25H24O14 547.1102 (−1.6) 316.023 (−0.9) [Y0−H] [C15H8O8] (100) Myricetin-3-O-diacetylrhamnoside + + - + +++ ++ ++++
74 12.3 C15H12O6 287.0565 (−1.2) 269.0458 (−1.0) [C15H9O5] (30)
259.0614 (+0.6) [C14H11O5] (30)
177.0546 (+6.6) [C10H9O3] (100)
151.0031(+3.8) [1,3A] [C7H3O4] (40)
Dihydrokaempferol ++ +++ - - - - -
75 13.3 C18H22O5 327.2175 (−0.6) - Trihydroxy-10,15-octadecadienoic acid +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++
76 13.5 C15H10O5 269.0457 (−0.6) 227.0347 (−1.1) [C13H7O4] (60)
151.0030 (+2.5) [1,3A] [C7H3O4] (70)
117.0324 (+9.1) [1,3B] [C8H7O] (100)
Apigenin +++ + - - - - -
77 13.7 C15H12O5 271.0615 (−1.3) 187.0393 (+4.3) [C11H7O3] (40)
151.0030 (+3.4) [1,3A] [C7H3O4] (50)
119.0490 (+9.9) [1,3B] [C8H7O] (100)
Naringenin +++ ++++ - - - - -
78 14.1 C18H34O5 329.2332 (−0.5) - Trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acid +++ ++++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++
79 14.3 C13H24O3SO3 307.1220(−0.2) - Oxo-tridecanoic acid sulphate + - ++++ ++ ++ +++ +++
80 14.9 C18H12O4 287.2227 (+0.4) - 10, 16-Dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid + - - - +++ ++ ++

-: not detected.