Table 4.

Summary of immediate responses among institutions across Africa to the pandemic and its impact on educational approaches for physicians and pharmacists.

Country	Responses to Teaching			Responses to Practicals and Clinical Teaching
	Extensive Use of e-Learning Approaches, Including Remote Teaching and Blending/ Training of Staff	Regular Adjustments of Academic Calendars/ Teaching Schedules	Instigation of Social Distancing/ Sanitation Measures for Lectures	Modification of Practicals/Contact between Students and Patients	Adaptive Approaches, Including Systematic Reviews in Small Groups/Interactive Videos/Use of Workbooks
Botswana	√	√		√	√
Cameroon	√		√
Eswatini	√		√	√	√
Ghana	√		√	√	√
Kenya	√	√	√	√	√
Malawi	√		√	√
Namibia	√	√	√	√	√
Nigeria	√	√	√	√	√
South Africa	√	√	√	√	√
Zambia	√	√		√	√
Zimbabwe	√	√	√	√