Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of veteran characteristics for 50 randomly drawn samples with one observation per veteran, before and after VHA COVID-19 policy mandate (n = 17,374).
| Characteristic | Pre-COVID-19 Period Admission 1 September 2019–Discharge 21 February 2020 | COVID-19 Period Admission 23 March 2020–Discharge 15 March 2021 | t-Test or Chi-Square Statistic (Mean per 50 Replications) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean or Count | SD or Percent | Mean or Count | SD or Percent | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 49.92 | 14.67 | 49.60 | 14.96 | t (15,545) = 1.37, p = 0.19 |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 6212.3 | 87.00 | 8885.70 | 86.83 | Χ2(1) = 0.18, p = 0.72 |
| Race, n (%): Black/Other/Unknown White |
2339.62 4800.56 |
32.77 67.23 |
3335.38 6898.44 |
32.59 67.41 |
Χ2(1) = 0.15, p = 0.75 |
| Ethnicity, n (%): Hispanic or Latino Not Hispanic or Latino |
642.96 6247.40 |
9.33 90.67 |
949.32 8711.66 |
9.83 90.17 |
Χ2(1) = 1.23, p = 0.31 |
| Distance from hospital * | 69.54 | 209.51 | 77.99 | 232.76 | t (16291) = −2.50, p = 0.02 |
| Geographic Classification, n (%): Urban Rural Highly Rural |
6394.84 728.74 16.60 |
89.56 10.21 0.23 |
9140.22 1074.60 19.00 |
89.31 10.50 0.19 |
Χ2(2) = 0.99, p = 0.63 |
| Substance use (yes), n (%) | 4889.60 | 68.48 | 7139.10 | 69.76 | Χ2(1) = 3.30, p = 0.08 |
| Personality disorder (yes), n (%) | 1049.96 | 14.70 | 1431.84 | 13.99 | Χ2(1) = 1.91, p = 0.22 |
| Previous MH admission (yes) *, n (%) | 1637.38 | 22.93 | 1915.34 | 18.72 | Χ2(1) = 46.19, p < 0.001 |
| Previous ED visit (yes), n (%) | 1710.54 | 23.96 | 2333.32 | 22.80 | Χ2(1) = 3.28, p = 0.10 |
| Suicide Flag (yes), n (%) | 2005.26 | 28.08 | 2916.30 | 28.47 | Χ2(1) = 0.44, p = 0.59 |
* Significant at p < 0.05.