Table 1.
Synergistic or antagonistic effects on cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of phytochemical combinations in HUVEC, Caco-2, and L-02 cells.
| Combination | HUVEC Cells | Caco-2 Cells | L-02 Cells | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratio | CAATheo (%) a | CAAExp (%) b | Effect c | CAATheo (%) | CAAExp (%) | Effect | CAATheo (%) | CAAExp (%) | Effect | |
| LUT-Q | 1:10 | 38.3 ± 2.71 | 43.1 ± 4.66 | Synergy d | 31.7 ± 0.97 | 41.8 ± 3.49 | Synergy | 71.8 ± 4.91 | 36.9 ± 2.83 | Antagonisme |
| 1:5 | 36.9 ± 2.60 | 37.1 ± 3.69 | Additivity f | 31.3 ± 1.02 | 40.4 ± 1.48 | Synergy | 68.1 ± 1.24 | 26.7 ± 2.46 | Antagonism | |
| 1:1 | 30.7 ± 2.12 | 36.3 ± 2.30 | Synergy | 29.6 ± 1.23 | 24.7 ± 2.60 | Antagonism | 69.7 ± 2.89 | 68.9 ± 4.15 | Additivity | |
| 5:1 | 24.5 ± 1.64 | 19.0 ± 1.30 | Antagonism | 28.0 ± 1.44 | 36.6 ± 3.88 | Synergy | 71.4 ± 4.54 | 59.1 ± 3.15 | Antagonism | |
| 10:1 | 23 ± 1.53 | 27.9 ± 1.97 | Synergy | 27.6 ± 1.49 | 34.1 ± 2.99 | Synergy | 71.8 ± 4.91 | 41.1 ± 3.31 | Antagonism | |
| LUT-L | 1:10 | 42.2 ± 3.48 | 53.7 ± 4.13 | Synergy | 42.3 ± 2.21 | 37.0 ± 1.75 | Antagonism | 75.8 ± 3.94 | 68.9 ± 1.30 | Antagonism |
| 1:5 | 40.4 ± 3.30 | 54.8 ± 3.65 | Synergy | 41.1 ± 2.15 | 50.7 ± 1.62 | Synergy | 68.8 ± 1.06 | 82.5 ± 6.61 | Synergy | |
| 1:1 | 32.8 ± 2.54 | 42.6 ± 3.80 | Synergy | 35.5 ± 1.91 | 34.8 ± 3.82 | Additivity | 71.9 ± 2.35 | 73.1 ± 50 | Additivity | |
| 5:1 | 25.2 ± 1.78 | 44.3 ± 4.66 | Synergy | 29.9 ± 1.67 | 18.2 ± 0.73 | Antagonism | 75.0 ± 3.64 | 63.7 ± 4.86 | Antagonism | |
| 10:1 | 23.4 ± 1.61 | 39.8 ± 3.46 | Synergy | 28.7 ± 1.61 | 34.8 ± 3.46 | Synergy | 75.78 ± 3.94 | 33.9 ± 2.15 | Antagonism | |
| LYP-Q | 1:10 | 38.6 ± 2.73 | 46.4 ± 3.65 | Synergy | 31.0 ± 0.91 | 41.2 ± 2.63 | Synergy | 71.6 ± 5.27 | 80.5 ± 3.46 | Synergy |
| 1:5 | 37.4 ± 2.64 | 55.3 ± 2.24 | Synergy | 30.0 ± 0.92 | 42.0 ± 3.82 | Synergy | 66.8 ± 4.47 | 78.6 ± 2.96 | Synergy | |
| 1:1 | 32.2 ± 2.25 | 51.8 ± 5.70 | Synergy | 25.8 ± 0.93 | 35.4 ± 2.55 | Synergy | 68.9 ± 4.83 | 69.4 ± 4.46 | Additivity | |
| 5:1 | 27.0 ± 1.85 | 54.5 ± 5.89 | Synergy | 21.5 ± 0.94 | 41.1 ± 3.76 | Synergy | 71.1 ± 5.18 | 56.7 ± 2.35 | Antagonism | |
| 10:1 | 25.8 ± 1.76 | 42.5 ± 7.73 | Synergy | 20.6 ± 0.94 | 31.1 ± 3.30 | Synergy | 71.6 ± 5.27 | 66.7 ± 3.82 | Additivity | |
| LYP-L | 1:10 | 42.4 ± 3.50 | 47.0 ± 2.59 | Synergy | 41.6 ± 2.15 | 38.2 ± 1.71 | Antagonism | 75.6 ± 4.28 | 77.9 ± 1.79 | Additivity |
| 1:5 | 40.9 ± 3.34 | 44.7 ± 7.20 | Synergy | 39.8 ± 2.05 | 25.3 ± 1.82 | Antagonism | 67.5 ± 4.16 | 84.4 ± 5.54 | Synergy | |
| 1:1 | 34.3 ± 2.67 | 52.5 ± 2.58 | Synergy | 31.6 ± 1.61 | 26.3 ± 1.68 | Antagonism | 71.1 ± 4.21 | 71.1 ± 4.65 | Additivity | |
| 5:1 | 27.7 ± 1.99 | 52.1 ± 9.59 | Synergy | 23.5 ± 1.16 | 35.7 ± 2.46 | Synergy | 74.8 ± 4.26 | 59.2 ± 3.62 | Antagonism | |
| 10:1 | 26.2 ± 1.84 | 49.3 ± 9.78 | Synergy | 21.6 ± 1.06 | 27.6 ± 2.51 | Synergy | 75.6 ± 4.28 | 52.7 ± 2.62 | Antagonism | |
a LUT-Q: the combination of lutein and quercetin; LUT-L: the combination of lutein and luteolin; LYP-Q: the combination of lycopene and quercetin; LYP-L: the combination of lycopene and luteolin. b CAATheo: The theoretical CAA units of phytochemical combinations. For example, the LUT-Q combined at 1:10: CAATheo = 1/11 × CAALUT + 10/11 CAAQ. CAALUT: The CAA units of LUT at 8 μM. CAAQ: The CAA units of Q at 8 μM. CAA unit = 100 − (∫SA/∫CA) × 100. c CAAexp: The experimental CAA units of phytochemical combinations. d Synergy: CAAexp > CAATheo (p < 0.05); e Antagonism: CAAexp < CAATheo (p < 0.05); f Additivity: CAAexp = CAATheo (p < 0.05).