Table 2.

Characteristics of included studies investigating oral quality of life in adolescents using the C-OIDP questionnaire in the 11–18-year-old adolescents.

Author Year Country	Study’s Aim	Sample Selection Method Sample Size (n)	Age Range Sex (%)	Questionnaire (OHRQoL) Completion Mode Administration Context	Type of Intervention	Sample’s Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria	Results (Impact Prevalence; Mean C-OIDP Score)	Quality of Study (FLC 3.0/ STROBE Cross-Sectional Studies)
Alzahrani et al., 2019 Saudi Arabia [26]	To examine the associations between the OHRQoL based on the Child-OIDP index and the different oral diseases among Saudi schoolchildren living in the Albaha region of Saudi Arabia.	Two-stage randomized sampling technique n = 349	12–15 years old Male: 100	C-OIDP Interview Three intermediate schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: Physically and mentally fit for this study; parent’s written informed consent. Exclusion: Histories of antibiotic therapy and/or systemic diseases during the previous three months; female schoolchildren.	Impact prevalence: 75.1% Mean C-OIDP score: 2.5	Medium/18
Bakhtiar et al. 2014 Iran [27]	To assess the association between OHRQoL and clinical oral health measures among mid-level school children in the city of Kerman, Southeast of Iran and also, answer this question whether the status of oral health can modify OIDP index in adolescents.	Random Cluster Sample n = 400	11–13 years-old Male: 46.75 Female: 53.25	C-OIDP Self-completed part Interview Mid-level schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Exclusion: serious medical problem and any condition influencing on their quality-of-life and also their oral health like orthodontic treatment.	Impact prevalence: 82% Mean C-OIDP score: 10.2 C-OIDP score: 7.1	Medium/16
Basavaraj et al., 2014 India [28]	To investigate whether a relationship exists between specific clinical dental measures and OHRQoL using the Child-OIDP index among children attending various schools located in Modinagar, India.	Two-stage cluster sampling technique n = 900	12 and 15 years old Male: 67 Female: 33 576 (64%): 12 years (385: males, 191: females) 324 (36%): 15 years (218: males, 106: females)	C-OIDP Interviewer-administered Six public and ten private middle and high schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: 12 and 15 years old, attending various schools in Modinagar. Exclusion: Systemic diseases and on antibiotic therapy in the previous six months.	Impact prevalence: 60% Mean C-OIDP score: 2.49	High/20
Castro et al., 2011 Brazil [29]	To assess the association between OHRQoL, measured through the Child-OIDP, and demographic characteristics, self-reported oral problems and clinical oral health measures among 11- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.	Probabilistic sample with complex design n = 571	11–12 years old Male: 38.6 Female: 61.4	C-OIDP Self-administrated part (refers to list of pathologies) Face-to-face interview part Six to seven years of public education	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: Year 6 and 7 classes, 11 and 12 years old, both sexes, formally enrolled in the public educational system of the city of Rio de Janeiro, parent’s informed consent.	Impact prevalence: 88.7% Mean C-OIDP score: 7.1	Medium/16
Do et al., 2020 Vietnam [30]	To assess the impact of oral health problems on daily activities of 12- and 15-year-old children in Can Tho.	Cluster sampling of probability proportional to size n = 809 n = 407 children of 12 years old n = 402 children of 15 years old	12–15 years old Sex: Not stated	C-OIDP Self-administrated part (refers to list of pathologies) Questionnaire: Interview administrated under the guidance and interpretation of the investigators Ten secondary schools (six schools in urban and four in rural areas)	Questionnaire	Inclusion: 12–15 years old, informed consent, year 6 to 9 classes.	Impact prevalence: 87–78.6% Mean C-OIDP score: 9.1–5.6	High/17
Dumitrache et al., 2009 Romania [31]	To assess the prevalence and severity of the oral health impact on the quality of life of schoolchildren in Bucharest using the Child-OIDP index.	Random selection n = 413	11–13 years old Male: 47 Female: 53	C-OIDP interview administrated Six schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: 11–13 years, randomly selected from six schools from the six-city district, parents’ and school officials’ written consent.	Impact prevalence: 57.4% Mean C-OIDP score: Not stated	Low/14
Kumar et al., 2015 India [32]	To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hindi version of the Child-OIDP and to estimate the oral impacts on daily performance in 12–15-year-old public and private schoolchildren. This article also aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries in this age group.	Two-stage stratified cluster random sampling n = 690	12–15 years old Male: 50.724 Female: 49.28	C-OIDP Self-administrated Four private and four public schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: Present on the day of examination. Exclusion: Not willing to participate, absent, suffering from any systemic disease that contradicts oral examination.	Impact prevalence: 36.5% Mean C-OIDP score for eating: 2.5	Medium/17
Moreno Ruiz et al., 2014 Chile [33]	To evaluate the oral health-related quality of life using the Child-OIDP index in schoolchildren from 11–14 years old in Licantén, 2013.	Sample selection method not stated n = 203	11–14 years old Male: 48.3 Female: 52.7	C-OIDP Self-administrated The only school and high school	Questionnaire	Inclusion: Between first grade and fifth grade.	Impact prevalence: 68% Mean C-OIDP score: 6.92	Medium/15
Paredes- Martínez et al., 2014 Peru [34]	To determine how oral conditions impact the quality of life related to oral health (HRQL) in a group of 11 and 12-year-old schoolchildren from the district of San Juan de Miraflores, Lima, in 2013.	Sample selection method not stated n = 169	11–12 years old Male: 49.7 Female: 50.3	C-OIDP Self-completion: List of pathologies Interview administered Educational institution	Questionnaire	Inclusion: 11 and 12-year-old schoolchildren, apparently healthy, both sexes, with authorization from the educational institution, parents’ and children’s informed consent. Exclusion: Uncorrected visual and hearing disabilities.	Impact prevalence: 100% Mean C-OIDP score: Not stated	Medium/16
Pavithran et al., 2020 India [35]	To assess and compare the oral health status and impact of oral diseases on daily activities among 12 to 15-year-old institutionalized orphans and non-orphan children in Bengaluru.	Simple random sampling technique for orphanage participants. Convenience selection for non-orphanage participants. n = 420	12–15 years old Male orphans: 51 Female orphans: 49 Male non–orphans: 50.5 Female non–orphans: 49.5	C-OIDP Guided interviews 15 orphanages and 15 government schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: Orphans aged 12–15 years old, consent by institutional authorities; non–orphans aged 12–15 years old with parent/guardian’s informed consent. Exclusion: Any long–standing systemic disease, physical disability, or mixed dentition.	Impact prevalence: 76.3% orphans, 65.7% non-orphans Mean C-OIDP score: 3.9 orphans, 2.8 non-orphans	High/18
Vélez- Vásquez et al., 2019 Ecuador [36]	To associate the level of dental caries experience with the level of impact of oral conditions on the quality of life related to oral health.	Random sample n = 118	11–12 years old Male: 47.45 Female: 52.54	C-OIDP Interview Educational institutions	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: 11- and 12-year-old schoolchildren from the educational centers of the parish of Machángara from Cuenca, Ecuador in 2017.	Impact prevalence: 88.1% Mean C-OIDP score: not stated	High/19
Alves et al., 2015 Brazil [37]	To use normative methods to compare dental caries need with the socio-dental approach in 12-year-old adolescents according to family’s living conditions in a deprived community in Brazil.	Random sampling technique n = 159	12 years old Male: 49.1 Female: 50.9	C-OIDP CS-C-OIDP Self-administration Face-to-face Primary healthcare (PHC)	Questionnaires Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: Living in the areas covered by the primary healthcare system of the Manguinhos community for at least six months. Exclusion: Unable to answer the questionnaire.	Impact prevalence (Generic C-OIDP): 76.1% Impact prevalence (CS-Child–OIDP): 64.8% Mean C-OIDP score: 9.66 (generic) Mean C-OIDP score: 10.95 (specific)	Medium/17
Bernabé et al., 2007 Peru [38]	To determine the prevalence, intensity and extent of the impacts of oral problems in a sample of Peruvian 11–12-year-old schoolchildren, and to compare the intensity and extent of the impacts by the type of self-perceived oral problem.	Random selection n = 805	11–12 years old Male: 48.8 Female: 51.2	C-OIDP Individual face-to-face interview First question self-administrated (refers to list of pathologies) Four public schools linked to a health center	Questionnaire	Inclusion: 11–12-year-olds; parental consent letter; child’s written consent.	Impact prevalence: 82.0% Mean C-OIDP score: 7.8	Medium/15
Del Castillo- López et al., 2014 Peru [39]	To determine the impact of oral conditions on HRQL, through the Child-OIDP index, in 11- and 12-year-old schoolchildren from the Canchaque and San Miguel de El Faique districts of the Huancabamba province, from the rural area of Piura, in 2010.	Sample selection method not stated n = 150	11–12 years old Male: 89 Female: 61	C-OIDP Self-administrated part Face-to-face interview part Six public educational Institutions (EIs)	Questionnaire	Inclusion: 11–12 years old, healthy students, both sexes, parents’ and children’s signed informed consent.	Impact prevalence: 88.7% Mean C-OIDP score: 7.05	Medium/17
Marcelo- Inguza et al., 2015 Peru [40]	To measure the impact of oral conditions on the Quality of Life Related to Health (OHRQoL) in schoolchildren aged 11–12 years in the urban-marginal area of Pachacutec-Ventanilla, Callao, Lima in 2013.	Sample selection method not stated n = 132	11–12 years old Male: 44 Female: 56	C-OIDP Self-administrated part (refers to list of pathologies) Face-to-face interview part Primary or secondary level of an educational institution	Questionnaire	Inclusion: 11 and 12 years old, both sexes, parents’ and children’s informed consent, apparently healthy and without any chronic systemic alteration.	Impact prevalence: 100% Mean C-OIDP score: 9.71	High/17
Naidoo et al., 2013 South Africa [41]	To assess the prevalence, extent and intensity of oral impacts and their relation to perceived clinical conditions in a sample of primary school children in South Africa.	Random sampling method n = 1665	11–13 years old Male: 47 Female: 54	C-OIDP Face-to-face interview 26 primary schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: 11–13 years old, 26 primary schools from amongst all those in the Ugu district, Kwazulu Natal (KZN), South Africa.	Impact prevalence: 36.2% Mean C-OIDP score: Not stated	Medium/18
Nordin et al., 2019 Malaysia [42]	To assess the oral health status, oral health behaviors and OHRQoL among 11–12-year-old OA children in the Cameron Highlands (CH), Malaysia, and to identify factors associated with their OHRQoL.	Sample selection method not stated n = 227	11–12 years old Male: 51.5 Female 48.5	C-OIDP Self-administrated Primary schoolchildren	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Exclusion: Absent and without informed consent.	Impact prevalence: 58.6% Mean C-OIDP score: 5.45	High/17
Reinoso- Vintimilla et al. 2017 Ecuador [43]	Evaluate the impact of oral conditions in quality of life in children between 11 to 12 years old of schools at Sayausí, Cuenca, Ecuador.	Sample selection method not stated n = 359	11–12 years-old Male: 52.37 Female: 47.63	C-OIDP Interview administrated List of pathologies: self-administrated Church’s school	Questionnaire	Inclusion: 11 and 12 years old, in apparent good general health, both sexes, with informed assent, parents informed consent. Exclusion: who did not wish to collaborate and with physical disabilities	Impact prevalence: 98,8% Mean C-OIDP score: not stated	Medium/15
Simangwa et al. 2020 Tanzania [44]	To estimate the prevalence of oral impacts and to identify important clinical- and socio-demographic covariates. In addition, this study compares Maasai and non-Maasai adolescents regarding any association of socio- demographic and clinical covariates with oral impacts on daily performances.	One-stage cluster sample design n = 906	12–17 years-old Male: 43.9 Female: 56.1	C-OIDP Face- to- face interviews 23 Rural public Primary schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: 12 to 14 years old attending rural public primary schools of Monduli and Longido districts. Exclusion: attending urban and private primary schools, absents, difficulties in learning.	Impact prevalence: 15.8% Mean C-OIDP score: not stated	High/18
Amalia et al., 2017 Indonesia [45]	To examine the association between SBDP performance and OHRQoL in primary schoolchildren, while also considering the impact of untreated caries and sociodemographic factors.	Convenience sample n = 1906	12 years old Male: 54 Female: 46	CS-C-OIDP Interview Primary public and private schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: All 12-year-olds from both primary public and private schools. Exclusion: No written informed consent; absent children.	Eating impact prevalence: 42.4% −38.6% Impact prevalence related to caries: 56% Impact prevalence (global): Not stated Mean C-OIDP score: 1.6–6.8	Medium/16
Athira et al., 2015 India [46]	To determine the association, if any, between OHRQoL measured using the C-OIDP index and clinical oral health measures among 12–17-year-old children of South Bangalore.	Random sampling technique n = 504	12–17 years old Male: 48 Female: 52	C-OIDP Self-administration Five schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: 12–17 years old, males and females, who can read and are ready to answer the questions, fulfill the research criteria, and consent to participate in the study. Exclusion: Did not cooperate with clinical exam; systemic disease.	Eating C-OIDP: 6.9 Impact prevalence: 43.1% Mean C-OIDP score: Not stated	Low/16
Bianco et al., 2009 Italy [47]	To use an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measure, the Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP), to assess the prevalence, characteristics and severity of oral impacts on health and daily activities in secondary schoolchildren, and to identify determinants such as children’s sociodemographic profile, oral hygiene habits, nutrition practices and oral health conditions, such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and orthodontics, that can predict oral impacts.	Random selection n = 530	11–16 years old Male: 47.4 Female: 52.6	C-OIDP Interview Secondary schools	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: 11–16-year-olds; parental consent form.	Impact prevalence: 66.8% Mean C-OIDP score: 1.9	High/18
Yetkiner et al., 2014 Turkey [48]	(1) To determine orthodontic treatment need, self-esteem and OHRQoL of primary schoolchildren, and (2) To investigate possible influences of orthodontic treatment need on OHRQoL and self-esteem.	Sample selection method not stated n = 219	13–14 years old Male: 51.60 Female: 48.40	C-OIDP Self-administrated The sixth year of primary public school	Questionnaire Oral clinical examination	Inclusion: 13–14 years, no history of previous orthodontic treatment, with informed consent.	Impact prevalence: 69.9% Mean C-OIDP score for eating: 3	Medium/18

Notes: C-OIDP = Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance, CS-C-OIDP = Condition Specific Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance, OHRQoL = oral health-related quality of life, STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology), FLC 3.0: Ficha Lectura Crítica 3.0.