16S rRNA	16S ribosomal RNA
2 hPG	2-h plasma glucose
Ala	Alanine
ABCA1	ATP-binding cassette transporter A1
AC	Acyl-carnitine
ADIPOQ	Adiponectin
AF	Amniotic fluid
AGT	Angiotensinogen
Ahsp	α haemoglobin stabilizing protein
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
APOA1	Apolipoprotein A-I
APOD	Apolipoprotein D
APOM	Apolipoprotein M
ARHGEF11	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11
BMI	Body mass index
CEPT	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein
ChiP	Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay
CNYP2	Canopy FGF signaling regulator 2
CP	Ceruloplasmin
CpG	Cytosine-guanine dinucleotide
CVD	Cardiovascular disorder
CYP2E1	Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily E Member 1
DAZAP1	Azoospermia Associated Protein 1
DEG	Differentially expressed genes
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
EFSOCH	The Exeter Family Study of Childhood Health
EGR1	Early growth response 1
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EPOCH	Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children
FIA-ESI-MS/MS	Flow injection analysis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry
FOXO1	Forkhead box protein O1
FPG	Fasting plasma glucose
FSH	Follicle-stimulating hormone
GDM	Gestational diabetes mellitus
Gln	Glutamine
Glu	Glutamate
GWAS	Genome-wide association study
HAPO	The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome
HFHS	High fat, high sucrose diet
HFS	High fat diet and sucrose diet
HIF1	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
HRG	Histidine-rich glycoprotein
HUVEC	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Ile	Isoleucine
IPA	Ingenuity Pathway Analysis
IR	Insulin resistance
IRS1-het	Haploinsufficient for insulin receptor substrate-1
Kel	Kell metallo-endopeptidase
KNG1	Kinogen-1
LCAT	Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase
LC-MS/MS	Liquid Chromatography with tandem Mass Spectrometry
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
Leu	Leucine
LF	Low fat diet
LGA	Large for gestational age
LPL	Lipoprotein lipase
LUM	Lumican
LV	Left ventricle
MEST	Mesoderm Specific Transcript
Met	Methionine
MHC	Major Histocompatibility Complex
MIA	Maternal immune activation
mRNA	Messenger RNA
NEFA	Non-esterified fatty acid
NGS	Next generation sequencing
NMR	Nuclear magnetic resonance
OGTT	Oral glucose tolerance test
OR2L13	Olfactory Receptor Family 2 Subfamily L Member 13
ORM2	α-1-acid glycoprotein 2
PACE	Pregnancy and Childhood epigenetics consortium
PCK1	Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase 1
PGDM	Pregestational diabetes mellitus
Phe	Phenylalanine
PL	Phospholipid
PLG	Plasminogen
PLTP	Phospholipid transfer protein
PPAR	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PPARGC1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, co-activator 1, α
Pro	Proline
RDH16	Retinol Dehydrogenase 16
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
SETP7	Septin 7
SH3PXD2A	SH3 And PX Domains 2A
SLC6A4	Serotonin transporter gene
SNP	Single nucleotide polymorphism
SOD2	Superoxide dismutase 2
SRSF2	Serine and Arginine Rich Splicing Factor 2
STZ	Streptozotocin
TF	Serotransferrin
UHPLC-MS	Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry
Vegfa	Vascular endothelial growth factor A
WB	Western blot
WGCNA	Weighted Correlation Network Analysis