Table 2.
The effect of remilling of sorghum flour and the effects of cowpea variety and milling fraction and the interaction of these factors on instrumental colour parameters of flours and flatbreads.
| Colour Parameter | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flours | Flatbreads | |||||||||
| L* | a* | b* | C* | H* | L* | a* | b* | C* | H* | |
| Effect of remilling sorghum flour | ||||||||||
| Fine sorghum FSorg | 79.8 (0.1) | 4.6 (0.1) | 11.9 (0.1) | 12.8 (0.1) | 68.8 (0.3) | 50.9 (0.3) | 10.0 (0.3) | 13.4 (0.2) | 16.8 (0.0) | 53.2 (1.2) |
| Extra fine sorghum XFSorg | 82.4 (0.0) | 4.4 (0.0) | 10.9 (0.0) | 11.7 (0.0) | 68.2 (0.1) | 43.6 (0.5) | 6.7 (0.3) | 8.6 (0.2) | 10.9 (0.3) | 52.1 (1.0) |
| p-value | ** | * | * | ** | NS | *** | * | ** | ** | NS |
| Cowpea variety | ||||||||||
| Red cowpea RCTTKKWhite cowpea WC | 87.3 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.0) | 10.6 (0.1) | 10.6 (0.1) | 84.2 (0.2) | 59.0 (0.2) | 4.47 (0.1) | 17.5 (0.3) | 18.5 (0.3) | 72.9 (0.5) |
| 89.8 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | 9.7 (0.1) | 9.7 (0.1) | 86.2 (0.1) | 61.2 (0.4) | 2.7 (0.2) | 17.5 (0.4) | 17.8 (0.4) | 79.2 (0.6) | |
| p-value | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | NS | NS | *** |
| Cowpea milling fraction | ||||||||||
| Whole cowpea | 85.4 (0.1) | 1.5 (0.0) | 8.9 (0.1) | 9.1 (0.1) | 80.8 (0.2) | 52.9 (0.3) | 5.7 (0.1) | 12.4 (0.2) | 13.7 (0.1) | 65.6 (0.7) |
| Dehulled cowpea | 91.6 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | 11.3 (0.0) | 11.3 (0.0) | 89.6 (0.0) | 67.3 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.2) | 22.5 (0.5) | 22.6 (0.5) | 86.5 (0.4) |
| p-value | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Interaction of cowpea variety and milling fraction | ||||||||||
| Whole red WRC | 84.3 (0.3) a | 1.8 (0.1) d | 9.4 (0.1) a | 9.6 (0.1) a | 79.2 (0.3) a | 51.3 (0.2) | 7.3 (0.1) a | 12.6 (0.3) a | 14.6 (0.2) b | 59.9 (0.9) a |
| Whole white WWC | 86.5 (0.0) a | 1.1 (0.0) c | 8.5 (0.2) a | 8.6 (0.2) a | 82.5 (0.1) b | 54.4 (0.7) a | 4.1 (0.2) b | 12.2 (0.2) a | 12.9 (0.1) a | 71.4 (1.2) b |
| Dehulled red DRC | 90.2 (0.1) a | 0.2 (0.0) b | 11.7 (0.0) a | 11.7 (0.0) a | 89.2 (0.0) c | 66.9 (0.3) a | 1.6 (0.2) a | 22.3 (0.6) b | 22.4 (0.6) c | 85.8 (0.4) c |
| Dehulled white DWC | 93.0 (0.1) a | 0.0 (0.0) a | 10.9 (0.0) a | 10.9 (0.0) a | 90.0 (0.0) c | 68.0 (0.3) a | 1.2 (0.3) a | 22.7 (0.8) b | 22.7 (0.8) c | 87.1 (0.6) c |
| p-value | NS | *** | NS | NS | *** | NS | *** | ** | ** | * |
Values in parenthesis represent standard errors. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, NS = Not significant. L* = 100 for lightness, and 0 for darkness; a* = chromaticity from green (−) to red (+); b* = chromaticity from blue (−) to yellow (+); H* = hue angle; C* = Chroma. Values with different superscript letters within a column for a section differed significantly (p < 0.05).