Table 1.

Description of the interventions.

Study	Therapeutic approach	Intervention components	Exposure	Cognitive reappraisal	Behavioral activation	Therapist feedback
Brodbeck et al [41]	CBTa	Text-based modules including writing assignments, covering the areas psychoeducation, assessment of current situation, fostering positive thoughts and emotions, finding comfort, self-care, and accepting memories	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Dominick et al [38]	Social cognitive theory	3 intervention modules (“My grieving style”; “Who am I?”; and “How am I doing?”), including interactive exercises supplemented by video testimonials; type-in responses and check lists; additional models: “Grief experience” and “Resources” offering text articles and websites or books covering grief-related topics	No	Yes	No	No
Eisma et al [35]	CBT	Email-based homework assignments; exposure condition: writing assignments, imaginal or in vivo exposure exercises; behavioral activation condition: 7-day activity diary, identification of pleasurable and meaningful activities, identification of personal core values, development of new meaningful and pleasurable activities based on these values	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Van der Houwen et al [39]	CBT	Email-based writing assignments; exposure: describing the most distressing aspects of the loss (2 assignments); cognitive reappraisal: information on and identification of dysfunctional grief cognitions, letter to hypothetical bereaved friend (2 assignments); integration or restoration: letter to the deceased (1 assignment)	Yes	Yes	No	No
Litz et al [40]	CBT	Internet-based psychoeducation (18 sessions); education about loss and grief, instruction on stress management and other coping skills, behavioral activation: assignments on self-care and social re-engagement, accommodation of loss by establishing and working toward a personalized goal, and relapse prevention	No	No	Yes	Yes
Kersting et al [34]	CBT	Email-based writing assignments; self-confrontation: describing the circumstances of the loss (4 assignments); cognitive restructuring: supportive letter to hypothetical bereaved friend (4 assignments); social sharing: symbolic farewell letter to oneself, a loved one, or a person connected to the loss (2 assignments)	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Kersting et al [33]	CBT	Similar intervention components as Kersting et al [34]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Wagner et al [36]	CBT	Email-based writing assignments; exposure: describing the circumstances of the loss, specifically distressing loss-related thoughts (4 assignments); cognitive reappraisal: letter to hypothetical bereaved friend, identification of new role or identity after the loss and possible rituals to remember the deceased by, activation of social resources and competencies (4 assignments); integration and restoration: outlining important memories about the loss; reflecting on therapeutic process and grieving style; letter to oneself, a significant person, or a person related to the loss	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Wagner and Maercker [37]	CBT	Similar intervention components as Wagner et al [36]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes

^aCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.