Table 5.
Secondary outcomes.
| Secondary outcome | Baseline, mean (SD) | 12-week, mean (SD) | 21-week, mean (SD) | |
| Perceived stress (DASS-21)a,b | ||||
|
|
MMBc | 20.67 (7.99) | 10.88 (7.22) | 8.55 (6.88) |
|
|
FTF-CBTd | 18.72 (8.10) | 16.94 (9.15) | 12.39 (7.97) |
|
|
TAUe | 20.16 (7.52) | 14.67 (6.28) | 13.25 (8.11) |
| Marital functioning (DAS-7f) | ||||
|
|
MMB | 21.23 (5.22) | 21.25 (4.56) | 23.21 (6.56) |
|
|
FTF-CBT | 19.90 (7.66) | 21.39 (6.18) | 21.07 (7.87) |
|
|
TAU | 21.79 (6.66) | 22.49 (6.13) | 22.22 (6.41) |
| CBTg skills-behavioral activation (BADSh) | ||||
|
|
MMB | 55.69 (18.12) | 45.06 (17.52) | 42.93 (14.13) |
|
|
FTF-CBT | 57.03 (20.14) | 50.78 (15.19) | 40.84 (11.13) |
|
|
TAU | 58.44 (15.92) | 52.36 (16.15) | 48.53 (16.53) |
| CBT skills-negative thinking (ATQi) | ||||
|
|
MMB | 47.72 (25.69) | 21.44 (21.40) | 16.52 (18.02) |
|
|
FTF-CBT | 45.77 (28.65) | 36.25 (27.74) | 24.55 (23.60) |
|
|
TAU | 52.84 (25.70) | 34.15 (24.62) | 32.66 (27.11) |
| Maternal Self-efficacy subscale (PSOCj) | ||||
|
|
MMB | 24.03 (6.58) | 29.66 (7.39) | 30.90 (7.87) |
|
|
FTF-CBT | 25.61 (7.96) | 26.44 (7.12) | 29.71 (7.26) |
|
|
TAU | 22.45 (7.21) | 28.03 (7.20) | 28.09 (7.83) |
aDASS-21: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, 21-item.
bDASS-21 categories: normal=0-14, mild=15-18, moderate=19-25, severe=26-33, and extremely severe=≥34.
cMMB: MumMoodBooster.
dFTF-CBT: face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy.
eTAU: treatment as usual.
fDAS-7: Dyadic Adjustment Scale.
gCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.
hBADS: Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale.
iATQ: Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire.
jPSOC: Parenting Sense of Competence Scale.