Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristica | Age groups | BPb groups | All (N=1362) | |||||||||||
|
|
Age <60 years (n=303) | Age≥60 years (n=1059) | P value | Normal BP (n=1117) | Hypertension (n=245) | P value |
|
|||||||
| Age (years) | 50.9 (4.9) | 65.3 (4.9) | <.001 | 62.2 (7.5) | 61.7 (8.6) | .39 | 62.1 (7.7) | |||||||
| SBPc (mmHg) | 124.3 (12.8) | 125.1 (13.2) | .36 | 120.7 (9.4) | 143.9 (10.5) | <.001 | 124.9 (13.1) | |||||||
| DBPd (mmHg) | 81.5 (9.3) | 79.1 (7.9) | <.001 | 77.2 (6.6) | 90.6 (6.0) | <.001 | 79.6 (8.3) | |||||||
| PWVe average (cm/s) | 1378.2 (157.6) | 1544.4 (257.4) | <.001 | 1466.7 (217.4) | 1692.8 (293.9) | < .001 | 1507.4 (248.6) | |||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 (2.6) | 24.0 (2.5) | <.001 | 23.9 (2.4) | 24.9 (2.8) | <.001 | 24.1 (2.5) | |||||||
| Heart rate (BPM) | 63.3 (9.5) | 63.1 (9.9) | .73 | 62.6 (9.6) | 65.3 (10.5) | <.001 | 63.1 (9.8) | |||||||
| White blood cell count (103/μL ) | 5.7 (1.6) | 5.7 (1.6) | .82 | 5.6 (1.5) | 6.0 (1.6) | <.001 | 5.7 (1.6) | |||||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 15.4 (1.0) | 15.1 (1.1) | <.001 | 15.1 (1.1) | 15.3 (1.2) | .12 | 15.2 (1.1) | |||||||
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.9 (1.3) | 5.6 (1.2) | <.001 | 5.6 (1.2) | 5.9 (1.3) | .001 | 5.7 (1.2) | |||||||
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 142.0 (1.7) | 142.1 (1.8) | .30 | 142.1 (1.8) | 142.1 (1.9) | .62 | 142.1 (1.8) | |||||||
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.4 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.3) | .58 | 4.4 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.4) | .32 | 4.4 (0.3) | |||||||
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 126.7 (28.5) | 117.2 (31.0) | <.001 | 119.1 (30.9) | 120.4 (30.0) | .56 | 119.3 (30.7) | |||||||
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 55.4 (14.5) | 55.1 (14.3) | .74 | 55.6 (14.6) | 53.0 (12.9) | .007 | 55.1 (14.4) | |||||||
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 124.6 (74.0) | 113.6 (64.8) | .02 | 113.0 (62.1) | 129.8 (85.1) | .004 | 116.0 (67.1) | |||||||
| Testosterone (ng/mL) | 5.3 (1.5) | 5.2 (1.7) | .77 | 5.3 (1.6) | 4.9 (1.7) | <.001 | 5.2 (1.6) | |||||||
| Smoking status, n (%) | <.001 |
|
|
.55 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Never smoker | 73 (24.1) | 280 (26.4) |
|
290 (26.0) | 63 (25.7) |
|
353 (25.9) | ||||||
|
|
Ex-smoker | 143 (47.2) | 589 (55.6) |
|
594 (53.2) | 138 (56.3) |
|
732 (53.7) | ||||||
|
|
Current smoker | 87 (28.7) | 190 (17.9) |
|
233 (29.0) | 44 (18.0) |
|
277 (20.3) | ||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.3) | .78 | 1.0 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.5) | .14 | 1.0 (0.2) | |||||||
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.3) | .46 | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.3) | .25 | 0.1 (0.3) | |||||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | <.001 |
|
|
.06 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
No | 274 (90.4) | 853 (80.5) |
|
192 (78.4) | 192 (78.4) |
|
1127 (82.7) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 29 (9.6) | 206 (19.5) |
|
53 (21.6) | 53 (21.6) |
|
235 (17.3) | ||||||
aValues are reported as mean (SD).
bBP: blood pressure.
cSBP: systolic blood pressure.
dDBP: diastolic blood pressure.
ePWV: pulse wave velocity.