Table 2.

Comparison of systems of replication stress relocation to NPC/nuclear periphery.

Type of Obstacle	Protein-Mediated Fork Arrest	Structure-Forming DNA Sequence	Telomere-Specific Replication Stress		Aphidicolin Induced Replication Stress
System description	Site-specific RFB blocking a single replisome in a polar manner	Expanded trinucleotide repeats forming hairpin structures that stall replisomes	Stalled replisomes at telomere repeats in telomerase-negative cells	Telomere-specific replication stress induced by POT1 dysfunctions	Global replication fork stalling induced
Organism	S. pombe	S. cerevisiae	S. cerevisiae	human cell lines	human cell lines
Relocation and anchorage requirements	● Rad51-dependent fork remodeling ● Pli1 ● SUMO chain ● Rfp1-Slx8, ● Rfp2-Slx8 ● NPC-anchorage site unknown	● Nascent DNA degradation (by Mre11, Exo1, Dna2) ● Mms21 ● SUMOylation of RPA, Rad52, Rad59 ● Slx5-SUMO interaction ● Nup1, Nup84	● Nup1	● F-actin polymerization ● ATR pathway ● Nup62, Nup153, TPR	● F-actin polymerization
Relocation outcomes	Ulp1-NPCs alleviate inhibitory effect of SUMO chains on HR-mediated fork restart	Rad51 loading to promote error free fork restart and preventing CAG repeat instability	Promoting conservative fork restart pathway to avoid error-prone Rad51-dependent SCR	Preventing SCR at telomeres to promote the maintenance of repetitive DNA	Promoting replication stress response to ensure fork restart and prevent mitotic abnormalities.
Reference	[33]	[32,34,97]	[34]	[36]	[35]