Table 4.
Association between health-related variables and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 1112).
| Psychological distress | ||||||
| N (%) | No (n = 435) | Yes (n = 677) | χ 2 /t | P | Effect size | |
| Chronic diseases | ||||||
| No | 775 (69.7) | 70.1 | 69.4 | 0.060 | .807 | 0.007 |
| Yes | 337 (30.3) | 29.9 | 30.6 | |||
| Currently taking any medication | ||||||
| No | 696 (62.6) | 60.2 | 64.1 | 1.700 | .192 | 0.039 |
| Yes | 416 (37.4) | 39.8 | 35.9 | |||
| Health care in a health center, clinic or hospital in the past 14 days | ||||||
| No | 1029 (92.5) | 93.3 | 92.0 | 0.658 | .417 | 0.024 |
| Yes | 83 (7.5) | 6.7 | 8.0 | |||
| Self-rated health in the past 14 days∗ | 4.37 (0.68) | 4.57 (0.56) | 4.23 (0.72) | 8.594 | <.001 | 0.514 |
| Recent quarantine in the past 14 days for having symptoms | ||||||
| No | 1102 (99.1) | 99.3 | 99.0 | † | .748 | 0.018 |
| Yes | 10 (0.9) | 0.7 | 1.0 | |||
| Recent testing for COVID-19 in the past 14 days | ||||||
| No | 1089 (97.9) | 97.7 | 98.1 | 0.187 | .665 | 0.013 |
| Yes | 23 (2.1) | 2.3 | 1.9 | |||
χ2/t = chi-squared test/Student t test.
COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.
∗
Likert-type scale from 1 (very bad) to 5 (very good).
†
Fisher exact test.