Table 4.
Key characteristics of racism and racialized-stigma monitoring systems.
| System Name | Updates | COVID-19 Outcomes a [1] | Race/Ethnicity Data b | Key Measures | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | H | V | D | O/DK | W | B | L | A | NA/AN | H/PI | O | N/DK | Stigma | Racism | ||
| Decennial Census | Decade | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| American Community Survey | Annual | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
| Home Mortgage Disclosure Act | Varies, Quarterly, Annual | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
| Project Implicit | n/a | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||
| Continuous | x | x | ? | ? | x | x | x | x | |||||||||
| Continuous | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||
| FBI Hate Crimes | Annual | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||
| Equal Opportunity Employment Commission | Annual | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||
| Pew Research Center | Varies | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
| NORC General Social Survey | Varies | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||
| STOP AAPI Hate | Continuous | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
a T = test (viral or antibody), C = cases (i.e., diagnoses), H = hospitalizations, V = ventilators used, D = deaths; O = Other/do not know. b Race/ethnicity categories: W = White; B = Black, L = Latino; A = Asian; NA/AN = Native American Alaska Native; H/PI = Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; O = other race; DK = Do not know.