| RNA-seq | RNA sequencing |
| SD | short-day |
| LD | long-day |
| HPG | hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad |
| GnRH | gonadotropin releasing hormone |
| LH | luteinizing hormone |
| FSH | follicle stimulating hormone |
| STH | Small Tail Han sheep |
| TSA | Tan ewes in spring at anestrous stages |
| TAL | Tan ewes in autumn at luteal phase |
| TAP | Tan ewes in autumn at proestrus stage |
| TAE | Tan ewes in autumn at estrus stage |
| HSL | STH ewes in spring at luteal phase |
| HSP | STH ewes in spring at proestrus |
| HSE | STH ewes in spring at estrus stage |
| HAE | STH ewes in autumn at estrus stage |
| GO | Gene Ontology |
| DE mRNAs | Differentially Expressed mRNAs |
| Co-DE mRNAs | Co-Differentially Expressed mRNAs |
| PPI | protein-protein interaction |
| BP | biological process |
| CC | Cellular component |
| MF | Molecular function |
| CDC20 | cell division cycle 20 |
| TOP2A | DNA topoisomerase II α |
| EEF2 | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 |
| DLGAP5 | DLG associated protein 5 |
| CCNB2 | cyclin B2 |
| RPL23 | ribosomal protein L23 |
| HPO | hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian |
| HPGA | hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis |
| ODC1 | ornithine decarboxylase 1 |
| PRLH | prolactin releasing hormone |
| CRYBB2 | crystallin β B2 |
| RPS6 | ribosomal protein S6 |
| SMAD5 | SMAD family member 5 |
| FBXL7 | F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 7 |
| TPH1 | tryptophan hydroxylase 1 |
| MITF | melanocyte inducing transcription factor |
| DHCR24 | 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase |
| MPA | medial preoptic area |
| BMP | bone Morphogenetic protein |
| MLT | melatonin |