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(A) ATR-FTIR spectra of pure PVA (a) PVA-KOH (b) and PVA-KOH immersed in 12 M KOH solution (c) synthesized in the presence of carbon dioxide; PVA-KOH (d) and PVA-KOH immersed in 12 M KOH solution (e) synthesized in the absence of carbon dioxide; and PVA-T1 and PVA-T1 KOH membranes synthesized in the presence of carbon dioxide; (B) depicts the K2CO3 vibration region. Sw indicates that PVA-KOH was swelled in KOH 12 M solution.
