Table 11.

Terpenes in pulses (expressed as percentages).

Terpenes	CAS	Origin (s)	Black Bean	Pinto Bean	Dark Red Kidney Bean	Pea			Faba Bean
						Whole	Dehulled	Proteins	Tannin	Storage
α-Pinene	80-56-8	CAR 1,2	1.37–2.29	2.11–3.92	0.75–1.07
Δ3-Carene	13466-78-9	CAR 1,2	0.00–0.50	0.00–0.48		0.30–0.70
Limonene	138-86-3	CAR 1,2	0.00–1.36	1.31–2.96			0.66	0.00–0.11	0.96	0.00–10.81
γ-Terpinene	99-85-4									0.00–0.79
Terpinolene	586-62-9									0.00–0.12
Thujospsene-I3	-									0.00–0.09
(E)-β-Ionone	79-77-6	CAR 3							0.11–0.12
β-Myrcene	123-35-3	CAR 2								0.00–0.60
Geranylacetone	689-67-8		0.00–0.69		0.00–0.30
Elemol	639-99-6						2.71
α-Muurolol	19435-97-3						2.94
t-Muurolol	19912-62-0						7.45
α-Cadinol	481-34-5						Coelution
β-Eudesmol	473-15-4						Trace
β-Linalool	78-70-6									0.11–0.79
Menthol	1490-04-6								0.28–0.45	0.00–0.60
p-Menth-1,5-dien-8-ol	1686-20-0						Coelution
Total			2.06–4.77	3.91–6.89	1.06–1.07	0.30–0.70	13.77	0.00–0.11	1.35–1.63	0.11–12.73

¹ [11]; ² [35]; ³ [25]. CAR, carotenoids. The value “min–max” corresponds to the minimum and maximum percentages for each volatile compound identified. “Black bean” refers to the 3 cultivars studied, and “Pinto bean” and “Dark red kidney bean” correspond to 2 cultivars for each [40]. For peas, “Whole” corresponds to 3 different harvest years of the cultivar Eclipse (2005, 2006, and 2007) [11], “Dehulled” corresponds to dehulled pea flour [42], and “Protein” refers to protein concentrate (dry process) [44] and protein isolate (wet process) [42]. For faba beans, “Tannin” corresponds to a group of low-tannin cultivars and a group of high-tannin cultivars [37], and “Storage” corresponds to high-tannin cultivars that were stored under 3 different conditions (ambient, positive, and negative temperatures) during 60 days and a control (sample stored for 0 days) [45]. No terpene was detected in chickpeas and “location” faba beans (see Table 2 for more details).