Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for adolescents living with HIV, grouped by low and high risk of onwards transmission (n = 979).
| Transmission risk groups (N = 979) | ||||
| Low risk (N = 840) | High risk (N = 139) | Total (N = 979) | ||
| Baseline characteristics | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | P |
| Sociodemographics | ||||
| Age binary (15+ years) | 250 (29.8%) | 112 (80.6%) | 362 (37.0%) | <0.001 |
| Sex (female) | 441 (52.5%) | 98 (70.5%) | 539 (55.1%) | <0.001 |
| Rural residence | 224 (26.7%) | 37 (26.8%) | 261 (26.7%) | 0.98 |
| Poverty | 659 (78.5%) | 124 (89.2%) | 783 (80.0%) | 0.003 |
| Double orphanhood | 126 (15.0%) | 29 (20.9%) | 155 (15.8%) | 0.079 |
| School absenteeism (≥1 week) | 154 (18.3%) | 57 (41.0%) | 211 (21.6%) | <0.001 |
| Individual-level factors | ||||
| Negative peer norms (mean, SD) | 0.62 (1.37) | 2.30 (2.08) | 2.92 (.3%) | <0.001 |
| Internalized stigma | 624 (74.3%) | 108 (77.7%) | 732 (74.8%) | 0.39 |
| Suicidality | 26 (3.1%) | 14 (10.1%) | 40 (4.1%) | <0.001 |
| Substance/drug use | 42 (5.0%) | 42 (30.2%) | 84 (8.6%) | <0.001 |
| Family factors | ||||
| Household food insecurity | 166 (19.8%) | 56 (40.3%) | 222 (22.7%) | <0.001 |
| Positive caregiving | 433 (51.5%) | 62 (44.6%) | 495 (50.6%) | 0.13 |
| Good caregiver monitoring | 374 (44.5%) | 31 (22.3%) | 405 (41.4%) | <0.001 |
| Good adolescent-caregiver communication | 219 (26.1%) | 43 (30.9%) | 262 (26.8%) | 0.23 |
| HIV-related factors | ||||
| Time on treatment (3+ years) | 601 (72.8%) | 62 (48.8%) | 663 (67.7%) | <0.001 |
| Knows HIV status | 540 (65.2%) | 122 (90.4%) | 662 (67.6%) | <0.001 |
| Treatment buddy support | 628 (74.8%) | 74 (53.2%) | 702 (71.7%) | <0.001 |
| Sexually infected | 117 (14.0%) | 86 (64.2%) | 203 (20.7%) | <0.001 |
| Relationship factors | ||||
| Early sexual debut | 68 (8.1%) | 61 (43.9%) | 129 (13.2%) | <0.001 |
| Parenthood | 18 (2.1%) | 48 (34.5%) | 66 (6.7%) | <0.001 |
| Power-inequitable relationships | 126 (15.0%) | 70 (50.4%) | 196 (20.0%) | <0.001 |