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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2021 Dec 1;208(1):54–62. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100367

Figure 3: Synergistic effects of antibodies to immune checkpoints. Intracellular cytokine staining for the frequency of T cells that produced CD107a, IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2 in response to Gag and Nef peptides in the presence of antibodies to immune checkpoints (ICs) either alone or in combination was compared to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB).

Figure 3:

The Bliss independence model was used to calculate the difference between the predicted (response to each antibody alone) and observed fractional responses of combinations of antibodies to ICs relative to SEB. A calculated number of predicted – observed response > 0 demonstrated synergism for (A) the expression of CD107a or (B) the production of IL-2 in CD4+ (upper) and CD8+ (lower) T cells for the various combinations shown. Data are summarised with box plots indicating the median and inter-quartile range for the 9 participants. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used to determine the statistical differences between the predicted and the experimentally observed effect for a given combination. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005