Table 1:

Strategies to reduce the prevalence of alcohol-exposed pregnancies

Strategy	Mechanism to Prevent an Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy					Examples
	Urging women of reproductive age to:
	Use effective contraceptive# if:	Use pregnancy test within a week of a missed period if:	Abstain from drinking if:
	Not seeking pregnancy	Have been sexually active in the past month	Pregnant	Trying to become pregnant	Not using contraceptive with sex
A	X					Strategies to avert unintended pregnancies (e.g., family planning services [25], and school-based health education programs [26].)
B		X				Strategies to expand access to pregnancy tests
C			X	X		Strategies to implement the 2005 U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory [14]
D			X	X	X	Strategies to implement the 2016 CDC’s recommendation [15]
E	X		X	X		Integrated efforts to prevent unintended pregnancies and promote alcohol abstinence during pregnancy and while seeking pregnancy.
F	X	X	X	X		Combining Strategies B and E.

^#We defined an effective contraceptive method as a method with lower than 10% probability of unintended pregnancy after one year of use (see Table S3 in the Supplementary Material).