. 2021 Dec 24;109:105256. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105256

Table 1.

ANCOVA results for learning achievement and self-efficacy.

Variable	Groups	N	Mean	S.D.	Adjusted mean	Std. error	F value	η²
Learning achievement	Experimental group	21	72.19^a	10.04	90.97	2.14	26.34^⁎⁎	0.882
Learning achievement	Control group	24	61.20^b	9.43	64.40	2.26
Self-efficacy	Experimental group	21	4.68	0.51	4.74	0.17	16.97^⁎⁎⁎	0.303
Self-efficacy	Control group	24	3.67	0.64	3.84	0.21

^⁎⁎

p < .01.

^⁎⁎⁎

p < .001.

Range: 70–100, total score: 100.

Range: 50–80, total score: 100.