Table 3.
Health Financing before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Italy | Spain | France | Israel | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total general government expenditure (% GDP) [45] | 48.6 (2019) | 57.3 (2020) | 42.1 (2019) | 52.3 (2020) | 55.4(p) (2019) | 62.1(p) (2020) | 39.9 (2019) | 46.4 (2020) |
| Health expenditure (% GDP) [46, 47]* | 8.7 (2019) | 9.7 (2020) | 9.3 (2019) | NA | 11.2 (2019) | NA | 7.6 (2019) | 8.5 (2020) |
| Spending for inpatient and curative care (% GDP) [45, 46] | 2.3 (2019) | NA | 2.3 (2019) | NA | 3 (2018) | NA | 1.7 (2019) | 1.8 (2020) |
| Investments in health (annual public budget - (million)) [46, [48], [49], [50]] | 113,810 (Euro) (2020 - pre pandemic) | 117,407 (2020); 121,370 (2021) | 115,458 (Euro) (2019) | NA | 260,247 (Euro) (2019) |
200,924 (Euro) (2020); 260,247 (Euro) (2021) |
107,411 (NIS) (2019) | 118,053 (NIS) (2020) |
| Investments in equipment (e.g. ambulance, ventilators, tests, etc.) (million) [28, 46, 50] | 6,404 (Euro) (2019) \ | 6,842 (Euro)(2020) | 9,045 (Euro) (2019) |
NA | 41,994 (Euro) (2020) |
49,994 (Euro) (2020); 100,294 (Euro) (2021) |
4,201 (NIS) (2019) |
4,555 (NIS) (2020) |
Note: * The figures for the health expenditure as the% of the GDP are retrieved from the OECD database [47] for easiness of comparison across countries. In France the official report from the Ministry of Solidarity and Health reports that in 2019 the health expenditure was equal to 8.6% of the GDP, while in 2020 it was 9.1% [51]. (p): provisional.