Table 2.
General Characteristics of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses.
| Characteristics | No. (%) of Articles (n = 43) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (%) | Abstract Without Spin | Abstract With Spin | P Value | |
| Intervention type | .45a | |||
| Mixed | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Nonpharmacologic | 10 (23.3) | 2 (4.7) | 8 (18.6) | |
| Pharmacologic | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Surgery | 33 (76.7) | 13 (30.2) | 20 (46.5) | |
| Article reports adherence to PRISMA | .51b | |||
| No | 23 (53.5) | 7 (16.3) | 16 (37.2) | |
| Yes | 20 (46.5) | 8 (18.6) | 12 (27.9) | |
| Publishing journal recommends adherence to PRISMA | .64b | |||
| No | 25 (58.1) | 8 (18.6) | 17 (39.5) | |
| Yes | 18 (41.9) | 7 (16.3) | 11 (25.6) | |
| Funding source | .20a | |||
| Not funded | 18 (41.9) | 4 (9.3) | 14 (32.6) | |
| Private | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Combination of funding including industry | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Combination of funding not including industry | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Public | 6 (14.0) | 3 (7.0) | 3 (7.0) | |
| Not mentioned | 17 (39.5) | 6 (14.0) | 11 (25.6) | |
| Industry | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0) | |
| AMSTAR-2 rating | .79a | |||
| High | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Moderate | 14 (32.6) | 6 (14.0) | 8 (18.6) | |
| Low | 14 (32.6) | 4 (9.3) | 10 (23.3) | |
| Critically low | 15 (34.9) | 5 (11.6) | 10 (23.3) | |
| Journal Impact Factor, M (SD) | 4.09 (4.66) | 3.95 (2.75) | 4.18 (5.58) | .88c (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.88-1.17) |
| Year study was received (1997-2020) | .67c (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.84-1.11) | |||
Abbreviations: AMSTAR-2, A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews–2; CI, confidence interval; M, mean; OR, odds ratio; PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses.
a Fisher exact test.
b Pearson χ2.
c Logistic regression