Table 1.
The effect of rikkunshito on the main evaluation and on ghrelin in each study.
| Years | Basic research | Ghrelin | Index | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Cisplatin-treated rats | ↑ | Food intake↑ | Takeda et al. (11) |
| 2010 | Cisplatin-treated rats | ↑ | Food intake↑ | Yakabi et al. (12) |
| 2011 | Cancer cachexia rats | ↑ | Food intake, survival↑ | Fujitsuka et al. (13) |
| 2011 | Cisplatin-treated rats | ↑ | Food intake↑ | Sadakane et al. (35) |
| 2013 | Cisplatin-treated rats | - | Food intake↑ | Yoshimura et al. (36) |
| 2016 | Gastrectomied rats | → | Food intake↑ | Taguchi et al. (37) |
| 2017 | Gastric cancer rats | signal ↑ | Food intake↑ | Terawaki et al. (38) |
| Years | Clinical research | Ghrelin | Index | References |
| 2011 | Cisplatin-treated patients with gastric cancer | ↗ | Food consumption↑ | Ohno et al. (39) |
| 2011 | Cancer cachexia patients | ↑ | Survival↑ | Fujitsuka et al. (13) |
| 2013 | Gastric cancer | ↑ | Food consumption, DAUGS score↑ | Takiguchi et al. (40) |
| 2013 | Gastrectomy | → | Body weight, GSRS↑ | Gunji et al. (41) |
| 2017 | Uterine cervical or corpus cancer patients | → | CINV↓ | Ohnishi et al. (42) |
| 2017 | Lung cancer patients with chemotherapy | - | CINV → | Harada et al. (43) |
| 2019 | Cisplatin-treated patients with esophageal cancer | ↑ | Food consumption↑ | Hamai et al. (45) |
| 2020 | Cisplatin-treated patients with lung cancer | ↑ | Food consumption↑ | Yoshiya et al. (44) |
| 2020 | Pancreaticoduodenectomy | → | Delayed gastric emptying → | Yamaguchi et al. (46) |
| Related to stress | ||||
| Years | Basic research | Ghrelin | Index | References |
| 2011 | Urocortin 1-treated rats | ↑ | Food intake ↑ | Yakabi et al. (47) |
| 2011 | Novelty stressed mice | ↑ | Food intake ↑ | Saegusa et al. (29) |
| 2013 | Novelty stressed mice | ↑ | Food intake ↑ | Yamada et al. (30) |
| 2014 | Urocortin 1-treated rats | ↑ | Food intake ↑ | Yakabi et al. (32) |
| 2014 | Acute restrained stressed mice | signal ↑ | Gastric motility↑ | Nahata et al. (48) |
| 2015 | Urocortin 1-treated rats | ↑ | Gastric emptying↑ | Harada et al. (49) |
| 2020 | Novelty stressed mice | - | Food intake ↑ | Yamada et al. (50) |
| Years | Clinical research | Ghrelin | Index | References |
| 2011 | Esophageal cancer patients with chemotherapy | - | Nausea ↓ | Seike et al. (51) |
| 2014 | Non-erosive reflux disease | - | MCS score↑ | Tominaga et al. (2) |
CINV, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting; DAUGS, Dysfunction After Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery for Cancer; GSRS, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; MCS, mental component summary.